Table 1 Description of the variables measured for the j^th individual belonging to the i^th school at wave k in the analysis model

Child’s sex

Categorical

0 = Female 1 = Male

sex_ij

Child’s age (wave 1)

Continuous

Range [7,8,9,10,11]

age_ij1

SES measured by the SEIFA IRSAD quintile (wave 1)

Categorical

0 = 1st quintile (most disadvantaged)

SES_ij1

1 = 2nd quintile

2 = 3rd quintile

3 = 4th quintile

4 = 5th quintile (most advantaged)

Standardized NAPLAN numeracy score (wave 1)

Continuous

z-score

NAPLAN _ z_ij1

Standardized NAPLAN numeracy score (waves 3,5 and 7)

Continuous

z-score

NAPLAN _ z_ijk

^a Depressive symptoms (waves 2,4 and 6)

Continuous

Range [0,8]

depression_{ij(k − 1)}

^b Overall child behaviour reported by SDQ (waves 2,4 and 6)

Continuous

Range[0,40]

SDQ_{ij(k − 1)}