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Table 2 Determinants of missing weight-related diagnosis codes during the 6-month preoperative period, 2011–2018 (Cohort 1)

From: Suitability of administrative claims databases for bariatric surgery research – is the glass half-full or half-empty?

Determinant

Odd ratio, 95% confidence interval

Unadjusteda

Multivariable Adjustedb

Type of index operation (reference SG)

 AGB

0.62 (0.38–1.03)

0.20 (0.11–0.34)

 RYGB

4.18 (3.46–5.06)

2.95 (2.33–3.74)

Care setting of index operation (reference Outpatient)

 Inpatient

0.90 (0.73–1.11)

0.37 (0.27–0.50)

Year of index operation (reference 2011)

 2012

0.75 (0.57–0.98)

0.86 (0.61–1.21)

 2013

0.41 (0.30–0.56)

0.47 (0.32–0.70)

 2014

0.47 (0.35–0.64)

0.49 (0.33–0.71)

 2015

0.49 (0.36–0.66)

0.57 (0.38–0.85)

 2016

0.29 (0.21–0.41)

0.43 (0.19–0.99)

 2017

0.29 (0.20–0.40)

0.34 (0.15–0.78)

 2018

0.46 (0.32–0.68)

0.68 (0.29–1.61)

ICD-CM coding era (reference ICD-10-CM)c

 ICD-9-CM

2.00 (1.64–2.44)

1.44 (0.71–2.90)

Age at index operation (reference 18–44 y)

 45–64

2.18 (1.71–2.79)

3.54 (2.65–4.72)

 65+

13.28 (10.37–17.01)

25.63 (17.11–38.39)

Sex (reference male)

 Female

0.46 (0.38–0.55)

0.41 (0.32–0.52)

Race/ethnicity (reference White)

 Asian

3.79 (2.49–5.76)

3.98 (2.19–7.22)

 Black

0.74 (0.57–0.96)

0.91 (0.66–1.25)

 Hispanic

0.69 (0.51–0.94)

0.99 (0.68–1.44)

 Unknown

0.95 (0.58–1.58)

1.14 (0.62–2.10)

Region of residence (reference northeast)

 Midwest

1.70 (1.21–2.39)

1.46 (0.96–2.24)

 South

1.40 (1.02–1.92)

1.57 (1.05–2.36)

 West

1.47 (1.01–2.14)

1.39 (0.87–2.22)

Type of insurance (reference Medicare Advantage)

 Commercial

0.38 (0.32–0.45)

0.93 (0.68–1.29)

Charlson-Elixhauser comorbidity score (reference ≤ − 1)

 0

2.22 (1.42–3.47)

2.52 (1.53–4.13)

 1+

5.59 (3.70–8.44)

6.11 (3.79–9.86)

Number of hospital stays in the last 6 months (reference 0)

 1

7.54 (5.98–9.51)

10.39 (3.97–27.21)

 2+

23.15 (17.06–31.40)

13.18 (6.12–28.37)

Length of hospital stays in the last 6 months (reference 0)

 1–4

4.70 (3.39–6.53)

0.28 (0.09–0.91)

 5+

17.49 (13.96–21.93)

--d

Comorbid conditions

 Diabetes

0.53 (0.38–0.73)

0.25 (0.17–0.37)

 Hypertension

0.58 (0.48–0.68)

0.49 (0.38–0.64)

 GERD

0.58 (0.49–0.69)

0.81 (0.65–1.00)

 NAFLD

0.38 (0.28–0.52)

0.35 (0.25–0.50)

 PCOS

--e

0.10 (0.01–0.69)

 PE

2.84 (1.80–4.49)

1.63 (0.86–3.09)

 Anxiety

0.47 (0.38–0.59)

0.72 (0.55–0.94)

 DVT

3.63 (2.36–5.58)

1.18 (0.61–2.30)

 Depression

0.47 (0.38–0.59)

0.56 (0.43–0.74)

 Dyslipidemia

0.61 (0.51–0.72)

0.46 (0.36–0.58)

 Eating disorder

--e

0.07 (0.02–0.21)

 Infertility

--e

--e

 Kidney disease

4.61 (3.76–5.66)

1.92 (1.41–2.63)

 Osteoarthritis

0.42 (0.26–0.67)

0.38 (0.22–0.65)

 Psychotic disorder

0.70 (0.45–1.10)

0.60 (0.35–1.03)

 Substance use disorder

1.95 (1.43–2.65)

2.13 (1.39–3.27)

 Sleep apnea

0.07 (0.05–0.09)

0.06 (0.04–0.09)

 Smoker

2.15 (1.58–2.93)

1.64 (1.08–2.50)

  1. Abbreviations: AGB adjusted gastric banding, DVT deep vein thrombosis, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome, PE pulmonary embolism, RYGB Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, SG sleeve gastrectomy
  2. a Logistic regression models included only the variables under consideration
  3. b Logistic regression models adjusted for all variables listed in table
  4. c The ICD-9-CM era refers to the period prior to October 1, 2015, and the ICD-10-CM era refers to the period starting from October 1, 2015
  5. d The variable was removed from the model because it was as a linear combination of other variables included
  6. e Estimates are not provided because cells with 10 or fewer patients have been suppressed to maintain the de-identification nature of the database