Determinant | Odd ratio, 95% confidence interval | |
---|---|---|
Unadjusteda | Multivariable Adjustedb | |
Type of index operation (reference SG) | ||
AGB | 0.62 (0.38–1.03) | 0.20 (0.11–0.34) |
RYGB | 4.18 (3.46–5.06) | 2.95 (2.33–3.74) |
Care setting of index operation (reference Outpatient) | ||
Inpatient | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) |
Year of index operation (reference 2011) | ||
2012 | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | 0.86 (0.61–1.21) |
2013 | 0.41 (0.30–0.56) | 0.47 (0.32–0.70) |
2014 | 0.47 (0.35–0.64) | 0.49 (0.33–0.71) |
2015 | 0.49 (0.36–0.66) | 0.57 (0.38–0.85) |
2016 | 0.29 (0.21–0.41) | 0.43 (0.19–0.99) |
2017 | 0.29 (0.20–0.40) | 0.34 (0.15–0.78) |
2018 | 0.46 (0.32–0.68) | 0.68 (0.29–1.61) |
ICD-CM coding era (reference ICD-10-CM)c | ||
ICD-9-CM | 2.00 (1.64–2.44) | 1.44 (0.71–2.90) |
Age at index operation (reference 18–44 y) | ||
45–64 | 2.18 (1.71–2.79) | 3.54 (2.65–4.72) |
65+ | 13.28 (10.37–17.01) | 25.63 (17.11–38.39) |
Sex (reference male) | ||
Female | 0.46 (0.38–0.55) | 0.41 (0.32–0.52) |
Race/ethnicity (reference White) | ||
Asian | 3.79 (2.49–5.76) | 3.98 (2.19–7.22) |
Black | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) |
Hispanic | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) |
Unknown | 0.95 (0.58–1.58) | 1.14 (0.62–2.10) |
Region of residence (reference northeast) | ||
Midwest | 1.70 (1.21–2.39) | 1.46 (0.96–2.24) |
South | 1.40 (1.02–1.92) | 1.57 (1.05–2.36) |
West | 1.47 (1.01–2.14) | 1.39 (0.87–2.22) |
Type of insurance (reference Medicare Advantage) | ||
Commercial | 0.38 (0.32–0.45) | 0.93 (0.68–1.29) |
Charlson-Elixhauser comorbidity score (reference ≤ − 1) | ||
0 | 2.22 (1.42–3.47) | 2.52 (1.53–4.13) |
1+ | 5.59 (3.70–8.44) | 6.11 (3.79–9.86) |
Number of hospital stays in the last 6 months (reference 0) | ||
1 | 7.54 (5.98–9.51) | 10.39 (3.97–27.21) |
2+ | 23.15 (17.06–31.40) | 13.18 (6.12–28.37) |
Length of hospital stays in the last 6 months (reference 0) | ||
1–4 | 4.70 (3.39–6.53) | 0.28 (0.09–0.91) |
5+ | 17.49 (13.96–21.93) | --d |
Comorbid conditions | ||
Diabetes | 0.53 (0.38–0.73) | 0.25 (0.17–0.37) |
Hypertension | 0.58 (0.48–0.68) | 0.49 (0.38–0.64) |
GERD | 0.58 (0.49–0.69) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) |
NAFLD | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) | 0.35 (0.25–0.50) |
PCOS | --e | 0.10 (0.01–0.69) |
PE | 2.84 (1.80–4.49) | 1.63 (0.86–3.09) |
Anxiety | 0.47 (0.38–0.59) | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) |
DVT | 3.63 (2.36–5.58) | 1.18 (0.61–2.30) |
Depression | 0.47 (0.38–0.59) | 0.56 (0.43–0.74) |
Dyslipidemia | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | 0.46 (0.36–0.58) |
Eating disorder | --e | 0.07 (0.02–0.21) |
Infertility | --e | --e |
Kidney disease | 4.61 (3.76–5.66) | 1.92 (1.41–2.63) |
Osteoarthritis | 0.42 (0.26–0.67) | 0.38 (0.22–0.65) |
Psychotic disorder | 0.70 (0.45–1.10) | 0.60 (0.35–1.03) |
Substance use disorder | 1.95 (1.43–2.65) | 2.13 (1.39–3.27) |
Sleep apnea | 0.07 (0.05–0.09) | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) |
Smoker | 2.15 (1.58–2.93) | 1.64 (1.08–2.50) |