Fig. 4
From: An R package for an integrated evaluation of statistical approaches to cancer incidence projection
Bias of future projections after 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 yrs. based on models with a 15 yr observation period. Negative values indicate overestimation of cancer incidence. Bias values smaller than − 200 were set to − 200. Dashed line: no bias (0%). int: intercept only model, lin + interact: linear age, period and interaction effects, age,bs: univariate smoother (B-spline) for age, splineTensor}: tensor product smoother (age, period), M-spline basis. GLMs, GAMs: neg-binomial distribution