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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants with impaired kidney function by MetS status (n = 25,569) a

From: Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function

 

All participants

(n = 25,569)

Participants without MetS

(n = 18,593)

Participants with MetS

(n = 6976)

P b

Age (years)

51.0 (14.0)

49.0 (13.0)

55.0 (16.0)

<  0.001

Sex, n (%)

   

<  0.001

 Male

14,311 (56.0)

9854 (53.0)

4457 (63.9)

 

 Female

11,258 (44.0)

8739 (47.0)

2519 (36.1)

 

Education level, n (%)

   

<  0.001

 Below university

16,733 (65.4)

11,748 (63.2)

4985 (71.5)

 

 University or above

8836 (34.6)

6845 (36.8)

1991 (28.5)

 

Income (NTD/year), n (%)

   

<  0.001

  < 800,000

11,620 (45.4)

8083 (43.5)

3537 (50.7)

 

 810,000–1.6 million

9407 (36.8)

7057 (37.9)

2350 (33.7)

 

  ≥ 1.61 million

4542 (17.8)

3453 (18.6)

1089 (15.6)

 

Marital status, n (%)

   

<  0.001

 No

4050 (15.8)

2822 (15.2)

1228 (17.6)

 

 Yes

21,519 (84.2)

15,771 (84.8)

5748 (82.4)

 

Smoking, n (%)

   

<  0.001

 No

21,243 (83.1)

15,660 (84.2)

5583 (80.0)

 

 Yes

4326 (16.9)

2933 (15.8)

1393 (20.0)

 

Drinking alcohol, n (%)

   

<  0.001

 No

21,175 (82.8)

15,586 (83.8)

5589 (80.1)

 

 Yes

4394 (17.2)

3007 (16.2)

1387 (19.9)

 

Sleep quality, n (%)

   

0.58

 Not well

22,413 (87.7)

16,311 (87.7)

6102 (87.5)

 

 Well

3156 (12.3)

2282 (12.3)

874 (12.5)

 

MET (hours per week)

5.8 (11.7)

5.9 (11.7)

5.8 (11.7)

0.012

BMI (kg/m2)

23.8 (4.2)

23.0 (3.6)

26.6 (3.9)

<  0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

80.0 (13.0)

77.0 (12.0)

88.0 (11.0)

<  0.001

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.8 (0.1)

0.8 (0.1)

0.9 (0.1)

<  0.001

Blood pressure (mmHg)

 Systolic

121.0 (24.0)

117.0 (21.0)

134.0 (20.0)

<  0.001

 Diastolic

73.0 (16.0)

71.0 (15.0)

80.0 (15.0)

<  0.001

Biomarkers (mmol/L)

 TG

1.2 (0.9)

1.0 (0.7)

1.9 (1.1)

<  0.001

 HDL-C

1.4 (0.5)

1.5 (0.5)

1.2 (0.4)

<  0.001

 LDL-C

3.1 (1.0)

3.1 (1.0)

3.0 (1.1)

<  0.001

 TC

5.2 (1.2)

5.2 (1.1)

5.3 (1.2)

<  0.001

 FBG

5.6 (0.7)

5.5 (0.6)

6.0 (0.9)

<  0.001

Creatinine (μmol/L)

91.1 (23.0)

89.3 (23.0)

94.6 (23.9)

<  0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

76.4 (13.5)

77.4 (12.7)

73.4 (15.6)

<  0.001

Urinary protein, n (%)

   

<  0.001

  + 1

24,464 (95.7)

18,133 (97.5)

6331 (90.8)

 

  + 2

636 (2.5)

300 (1.6)

336 (4.8)

 

  ≥ + 3

469 (1.8)

160 (0.9)

309 (4.4)

 

Prevalence of chronic diseases, n (%)

 Type 2 diabetes

2449 (9.6)

832 (4.5)

1617 (23.2)

<  0.001

 Hypertension

7450 (29.1)

3220 (17.3)

4230 (60.6)

<  0.001

 Cardiovascular disease

1519 (5.9)

749 (4.0)

770 (11.0)

<  0.001

  1. MetS metabolic syndrome, NTD New Taiwan dollar, MET metabolic equivalent task, BMI body mass index, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, FBG fasting blood glucose, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. aContinuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are presented as absolute frequency (percentage)
  3. bThe P-values were tested using Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

ISSN: 1471-2288

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