Table 2 Record-level measures of validity by data source, age and reporting method
Age | Method | APDC | EDDC | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(years) | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | \( \mathcal{F} \) | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | \( \mathcal{F} \) | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||
0–19 | As recorded | 75.1 | 99.7 | 93.6 | 98.6 | 0.83 | 72.2 | 99.6 | 93.5 | 98.0 | 0.81 |
Enhanced: | |||||||||||
1. Most recent | 79.9 | 99.7 | 94.4 | 98.9 | 0.87 | 80.1 | 99.6 | 93.4 | 98.5 | 0.86 | |
2. ERA algorithm | 83.0 | 99.4 | 88.9 | 99.0 | 0.86 | 82.5 | 99.2 | 88.5 | 98.7 | 0.85 | |
3. Multi-stage median | 82.3 | 99.5 | 89.6 | 99.0 | 0.86 | 81.7 | 99.3 | 89.1 | 98.6 | 0.85 | |
4. Ever reported | 87.8 | 99.1 | 85.2 | 99.3 | 0.87 | 85.3 | 98.9 | 85.0 | 98.9 | 0.85 | |
20–39 | As recorded | 72.5 | 99.6 | 91.7 | 98.2 | 0.81 | 75.8 | 99.4 | 92.3 | 97.8 | 0.83 |
Enhanced: | |||||||||||
1. Most recent | 68.5 | 99.5 | 91.0 | 97.9 | 0.78 | 81.3 | 99.2 | 90.3 | 98.3 | 0.86 | |
2. ERA algorithm | 83.4 | 99.3 | 89.0 | 98.9 | 0.86 | 89.7 | 98.8 | 87.4 | 99.0 | 0.89 | |
3. Multi-stage median | 82.9 | 99.4 | 89.9 | 98.9 | 0.86 | 89.2 | 98.9 | 88.2 | 99.0 | 0.89 | |
4. Ever reported | 85.0 | 99.1 | 86.4 | 99.0 | 0.86 | 91.5 | 98.6 | 85.6 | 99.2 | 0.88 | |
40–64 | As recorded | 88.0 | 99.8 | 97.5 | 98.8 | 0.93 | 81.0 | 99.7 | 96.5 | 97.9 | 0.88 |
Enhanced: | |||||||||||
1. Most recent | 88.4 | 99.8 | 97.8 | 98.8 | 0.93 | 82.3 | 99.6 | 96.3 | 98.1 | 0.89 | |
2. ERA algorithm | 93.9 | 99.2 | 92.2 | 99.4 | 0.93 | 91.2 | 99.2 | 92.7 | 99.0 | 0.92 | |
3. Multi-stage median | 93.9 | 99.4 | 94.6 | 99.4 | 0.94 | 91.3 | 99.2 | 92.9 | 99.0 | 0.92 | |
4. Ever reported | 94.6 | 99.0 | 91.1 | 99.4 | 0.93 | 92.4 | 99.0 | 91.4 | 99.2 | 0.92 | |
65+ | As recorded | 83.6 | 99.8 | 93.8 | 99.3 | 0.88 | 75.1 | 99.8 | 93.4 | 99.1 | 0.83 |
Enhanced: | |||||||||||
1. Most recent | 80.9 | 99.7 | 91.3 | 99.2 | 0.86 | 77.0 | 99.8 | 94.6 | 99.2 | 0.85 | |
2. ERA algorithm | 89.9 | 99.3 | 84.2 | 99.6 | 0.87 | 84.7 | 99.5 | 87.1 | 99.5 | 0.86 | |
3. Multi-stage median | 89.7 | 99.3 | 84.5 | 99.6 | 0.87 | 84.4 | 99.6 | 88.1 | 99.4 | 0.86 | |
4. Ever reported | 90.9 | 99.1 | 81.9 | 99.6 | 0.86 | 85.4 | 99.4 | 83.5 | 99.5 | 0.84 | |
Total | As recorded | 84.4 | 99.7 | 95.3 | 99.0 | 0.90 | 77.4 | 99.7 | 94.7 | 98.5 | 0.85 |
Enhanced: | |||||||||||
1. Most recent | 83.2 | 99.7 | 94.4 | 99.0 | 0.88 | 80.4 | 99.7 | 94.5 | 98.7 | 0.87 | |
2. ERA algorithm | 90.9 | 99.3 | 88.3 | 99.4 | 0.90 | 88.0 | 99.3 | 89.8 | 99.2 | 0.89 | |
3. Multi-stage median | 90.7 | 99.3 | 89.5 | 99.4 | 0.90 | 87.7 | 99.4 | 90.4 | 99.2 | 0.89 | |
4. Ever reported | 92.0 | 99.1 | 86.4 | 99.5 | 0.89 | 89.3 | 99.1 | 87.4 | 99.3 | 0.88 | |