Fig. 5From: Time series prediction of under-five mortality rates for Nigeria: comparative analysis of artificial neural networks, Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average modelsObserved (historical), predicted and forecasted under-five mortality rates by modeling techniques (a) in-sample prediction (1964–2017) (b) out-of-sample forecasting (2018–2030) GMDH: Group method of data handling, ARIMA: autoregressive integrated moving averages, Holt-Winters: Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method. All the lines basically overlap in Plot ABack to article page