Fig. 3

Comparing drug use in children and adults aligned by drug. a. The heatmap on the top section shows the clustering of the drugs. The first row of the heatmap shows the 1185 drugs that are associated with at least one diagnosis in either the children’s hospital or the general hospital. The green section contains 513 drugs used in the children’s hospital. The other 672 drugs shown in red were only used in the general hospital. The other three rows of the heatmap show, from top to bottom, the percentage of associated diagnoses in the children’s hospital, the general hospital, and their overlap. The mirror histograms in the middle show the volume of these drugs used in the children’s hospital (blue) and the general hospital (brown). The bottom mirror histograms show the number of associated diagnoses in the children’s hospital (blue), the general hospital (brown) and their overlap (red). Based on the clustering, the drugs can be classified into groups A-D (4 groups). b. The components of the A-D drug groups generated in Fig. 3a. The percentages of ATC first-level codes (including two special drug categories: drugs without an assigned ATC code and drugs classified as TCM) in each group are plotted in the heatmap