Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (n = 148)
Characteristics of studies | N (%) |
|---|---|
Year of study | |
 Before Year 2000 | 3 (2.0) |
 Year 2000–2010 | 32 (21.6) |
 Year 2011–2020 | 113 (76.4) |
Continent of study | |
 Asia | 58 (39.2) |
 Europe | 40 (27.0) |
 North America | 40 (27.0) |
 Australia | 3 (2.0) |
 South America | 3 (2.0) |
 Cross-continents | 4 (2.7) |
Country of study | |
 USA | 33 (22.3) |
 China | 17 (11.5) |
 Italy | 11 (7.4) |
 Canada | 6 (4.1) |
 Netherlands | 6 (4.1) |
 Korea | 6 (4.1) |
 Singapore | 5 (3.4) |
 Australia | 3 (2.0) |
 Hong Kong | 4 (2.7) |
 Japan | 4 (2.7) |
 Multi-countries | 5 (3.4) |
 Others | 48 (32.4) |
Study design | |
 Cross-sectional study | 92 (62.1) |
 Cohort study | 50 (33.8) |
  Prospective cohort study | 21 (14.2) |
  Retrospective cohort study | 29 (19.5) |
 Record linkage study | 2 (1.4) |
  Prospective record linkage study | 1 (0.7) |
  Retrospective record linkage study | 1 (0.7) |
 Randomized controlled trials | 4 (2.7) |
Patient population | |
  ≤ 500 | 37 (25) |
 501–1000 | 21 (14.2) |
 1001 – 5000 | 43 (29.1) |
 5001 – 10,000 | 11 (7.4) |
 10,001–50,000 | 17 (11.5) |
 50,001–100,000 | 7 (4.7) |
 100,001–500,000 | 9 (6.1) |
 500,000 – 1000,000 | 2 (1.4) |
  > 1000,000 | 1 (0.7) |
Type 2 diabetes subgroups | |
 Adult diabetics (across all age ranges) | 137 (92.6) |
 Elderly (≥ 65 years old) | 8 (5.4) |
 Young (≤ 40 years old) | 2 (1.4) |
 Women with singleton pregnancy | 1 (0.7) |
Study setting (Healthcare)a | |
 Primary | 40 (27.0) |
 Tertiary | 68 (45.9) |
 Mixed | 10 (6.8) |
 Not applicable or not specified | 30 (20.3) |
Data source | |
 Primary | 70 (47.3) |
 Secondary | 76 (51.4) |
 Mixed (Primary and Secondary) | 2 (1.4) |