Characteristic | Study I Entire set (N=1472) | Study I Testing set (N=200) | p-valuea | Study II Entire set (N=2131) | Study II Testing set (N=200) | p-valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at baseline (years), mean (SD) | 23.9 (4.1) | 23.7 (4.0) | 0.52 | 22.6 (3.9) | 22.7 (3.8) | 0.98 |
Weight at baseline (kg), mean (SD) | 59.7 (11.7) | 58.6 (11.7) | 0.14 | 55.6 (11.0) | 55.1 (10.1) | 0.57 |
Height at baseline (cm), mean (SD) | 156.1 (6.1) | 157.1 (6.4) | 0.07 | 154 .7 (6.1) | 154.8 (6.1) | 0.90 |
Gestational week at baseline (weeks), mean (SD) | 17.8 (4.4) | 12.7 (2.1) | < 0.0001 | 10.0 (2.4) | 9.8 (2.4) | 0.22 |
Total number of antenatal visits, range (median) | 1–9 (5) | 2–9 (6) | < 0.0001 | 1–10 (6) | 3–10 (7) | < 0.0001 |
Weight at the end of 1st trimester (kg), mean (SD)b | Â | 58.7 (11.6) | Â | Â | 55.3 (9.9) | Â |
Last available weight measure at the end of 2nd trimester (kg), mean (SD) | 62.2 (11.7) | 62.7 (11.5) | 0.58 | 59.8 (10.7) | 59.6 (9.6) | 0.82 |
BMI based on last available weight at the end of 2nd trimester (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.5 (4.6) | 25.4 (4.7) | 0.70 | 25.0 (4.2) | 24.9 (3.8) | 0.68 |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.5 (3.5) | 39.0 (3.2) | 0.07 | 38.8 (2.7) | 39.1 (2.4) | 0.084 |
Treatment status (control), n (%)c | 738 (50.1) | 102 (51.0) | 0.79 | 533 (25.0) | 41 (20.5) | 0.19 |
Primigravida, n (%) | 613 (41.6) | 91 (45.5) | 0.23 | 1024 (48.1) | 104 (52.0) | 0.25 |
Marital Status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.36 | Â | Â | 0.15 |
 Married or co-habiting | 1172 (79.6) | 164 (82.0) |  | 1908 (89.5) | 185 (92.5) |  |
 Other/missing | 300 (20.4)d | 36 (18.0) |  | 223 (10.5) | 15 (7.5) |  |
BMI at baseline (kg/m2), n (%) | Â | Â | 0.04 | Â | Â | 0.74 |
 Underweight (< 18.5) | 68 (4.6) | 16 (8.0) |  | 244 (11.5) | 19 (9.5) |  |
 Normal (18.5–25) | 840 (57.1) | 119 (59.5) |  | 1297 (60.9) | 128 (64.0) |  |
 Overweight (25–30) | 396 (26.9) | 41 (20.5) |  | 420 (19.7) | 37 (18.5) |  |
 Obese (≥30) | 168 (11.4) | 24 (12.0) |  | 169 (7.9) | 16 (8.0) |  |
Education status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.34 | Â | Â | 0.38 |
 0–4 years | 32 (2.2) | 5 (2.5) |  | 177 (8.3) | 12 (6.0) |  |
 5–7 years | 781 (53.1) | 104 (52) |  | 1345 (63.2) | 133 (66.5) |  |
 8–11 years | 406 (27.6) | 57 (28.5) |  | 498 (23.4) | 42 (21.0) |  |
 ≥12 years | 214 (14.5) | 32 (16.0) |  | 110 (5.2) | 13 (6.5) |  |
Unknown | 39 (2.7) | 2 (1.0) | Â | 1 (0.05) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
Occupation status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.69 | Â | Â | 0.12 |
 Unemployed | 700 (47.6) | 98 (49.0) |  | 1174 (55.1) | 110 (55.0) |  |
 Unskilled or informal | 445 (30.2) | 63 (31.5) |  | 514 (24.1) | 51 (25.5) |  |
 Skilled | 280 (19.0) | 34 (17.0) |  | 113 (5.3) | 4 (2.0) |  |
 Other/unknown | 47 (3.2) | 5 (2.5) |  | 330 (15.5) | 35 (17.5) |  |
Non-live birth in previous pregnancy, n (%)e | 126 (20.6) | 27 (29.7) | 0.02 | 219 (20.7) | 15 (16.7) | 0.32 |
Prior history of complications, n (%)f | 109 (7.4) | 18 (9.0) | 0.35 | 115 (5.4) | 7 (3.5) | 0.21 |