Fig. 2From: A scoping review of studies using observational data to optimise dynamic treatment regimensA dynamic treatment regimen (DTR) causal diagram. Covariates (O1, O2), treatments (A1, A2), and the outcome (Y) are each represented by a node with causal relationships shown as directed edges (arrows). Note that the edges are directional and it not possible for a node to cycle back to itself along the graph’s edges, hence it is a directed acyclic graphBack to article page