Skip to main content

Table 4 Results from SPMMs fit using LASSO penalty for assessing the effect of occupational exposures on the occurrence of COPD

From: LASSO type penalized spline regression for binary data

 

Odds Ratio (95% CI) a

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Age

-

*

Pack Years

-

*

BMI

-

*

Sex (Men)

-

**

Occupation

  

Hard rock mining

1.6 (1.1, 2.4)

1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

Coal mining

3.5 (1.5, 8.0)

1.7(0.7, 4.3)

Working with asbestos

1.4 (1.1, 2.0)

0.8 (0.5, 1.1)

Chemical/plastics manufacturing

1.3 (1.1, 1.7)

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

Foundry/steel milling

1.4 (1.0, 2.0)

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

Welding

1.5 (1.1, 2.0)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

Saw-milling

1.5 (1.0, 2.1)

1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

  1. aAdjusted ORs were obtained from the SPMM as shown in (17) adjusting for pack years, age, sex and BMI
  2. * Covariates were modeled using penalized splines. A summary of odds ratio and CI were not provided by the method; see Fig. 3 for smooth curves when occupation was hard rock mining
  3. ** OR = 1.4 (1.3, 1.6) when occupation was hard rock mining