Fig. 1From: Estimates of the mean difference in orthopaedic randomized trials: obligatory yet obscureFlow chart of the review and assessment process. Footnotes: *MDest = The mean difference estimate used in power calculation; PROM = Patient-reported outcome measure. **Of the 264 trials that reported the MDest for the power calculation, 76 did not report means and standard deviations for the primary outcome at the pre-specified or the last follow-up time-pointBack to article page