| Responded to follow-up questionnaire | Presence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 941, 54.2%) | No (n = 796, 45.8%) | p-value | No (n = 683, 81.6%) | Yes (n = 154, 18.4%) | p-value | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Maternal characteristics | ||||||
 Maternal age | ||||||
  ≤ 24y | 138 (14.8%) | 256 (32.2%) | < 0.001 | 93 (13.7%) | 28 (18.3%) | 0.35 |
  25y-34y | 545 (58.3%) | 397 (49.9%) |  | 399 (58.7%) | 85 (55.6%) |  |
  ≥ 35y | 252 (27.0%) | 142 (17.9%) |  | 188 (27.6%) | 40 (26.1%) |  |
  Missing | 6 (0.6%) | 1 (0.1%) |  | 3 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) |  |
 Foreign born/Ethnicity | 121 (13.0%) | 183 (23.2%) | < 0.001 | 76 (11.2%) | 20 (13.2%) | 0.54 |
  Missing | 8 (0.9%) | 8 (1.0%) |  | 6 (0.9%) | 2 (1.3%) |  |
 Multiple pregnancy | 285 (30.3%) | 185 (23.3%) | < 0.001 | 215 (31.5%) | 37 (24.0%) | 0.09 |
 Parity | ||||||
  First child | 580 (61.8%) | 367 (46.2%) | < 0.001 | 442 (64.8%) | 86 (55.8%) | 0.03 |
  Second child | 225 (24.0%) | 211 (26.6%) |  | 159 (23.3%) | 37 (24.0%) |  |
  Third or more | 134 (14.3%) | 216 (27.2%) |  | 81 (11.9%) | 31 (20.1%) |  |
  Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.3%) |  | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 Previous cesarean section | 90 (9.8%) | 99 (13.1%) | 0.03 | 63 (9.4%) | 12 (8.1%) | 0.62 |
  Missing | 22 (2.3%) | 40 (5.0%) |  | 16 (2.3%) | 5 (3.2%) |  |
 PPROM | 203 (22.1%) | 206 (27.2%) | 0.01 | 145 (21.8%) | 37 (24.3%) | 0.60 |
  Missing | 22 (2.3%) | 40 (5.0%) |  | 17 (2.5%) | 2 (1.3%) |  |
 Antepartum hemorrhage after ≥20 weeks GA | 205 (22.2%) | 205 (27.0%) | 0.31 | 139 (20.8%) | 39 (25.7%) | 0.19 |
  Missing | 19 (2.0%) | 36 (4.5%) |  | 15 (2.2%) | 2 (1.3%) |  |
 Delivery in level III | 657 (70.0%) | 530 (66.7%) | 0.11 | 480 (70.5%) | 110 (71.4%) | 0.45 |
  Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) |  | 2 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 Breastfeeding at discharge | 649 (69.2%) | 427 (53.8%) | < 0.001 | 486 (71.5%) | 97 (63.0%) | 0.04 |
  Missing | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) |  | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Neonatal characteristics | ||||||
 Male | 529 (56.2%) | 426 (53.6%) | 0.34 | 370 (54.2%) | 108 (70.1%) | < 0.001 |
  Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |  | – | – |  |
 Gestational age at birth | ||||||
  23wk-25wk | 70 (7.4%) | 64 (8.0%) | 0.49 | 36 (5.3%) | 24 (15.6%) | < 0.001 |
  26wk-27wk | 166 (17.6%) | 109 (13.7%) |  | 119 (17.4%) | 27 (17.5%) |  |
  28wk-29wk | 249 (26.5%) | 228 (28.6%) |  | 174 (25.5%) | 50 (32.5%) |  |
  30wk-31wk | 456 (48.5%) | 395 (49.6%) |  | 354 (51.8%) | 53 (34.4%) |  |
 Small for gestational agea | ||||||
  < 3th percentile | 198 (21.0%) | 153 (19.2%) | 0.80 | 138 (20.2%) | 42 (27.3%) | 0.12 |
  3-10th percentile | 111 (11.8%) | 97 (12.2%) |  | 85 (12.4%) | 18 (11.7%) |  |
   > 10th percentile | 632 (67.2%) | 545 (68.6%) |  | 460 (67.3%) | 94 (61.0%) |  |
 Apgar score < 7 (5 min) | 109 (11.8%) | 117 (15.0%) | 0.18 | 67 (10.0%) | 30 (19.7%) | < 0.001 |
  Missing | 21 (2.2%) | 17 (2.1%) |  | 16 (2.3%) | 2 (1.3%) |  |
 Surfactant | 570 (60.6%) | 458 (57.5%) | 0.02 | 393 (57.5%) | 111 (72.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Any CPAPb | 810 (86.1%) | 649 (81.5%) | 0.13 | 586 (85.8%) | 136 (88.3%) | 0.35 |
 Mechanical ventilation | 551 (58.6%) | 456 (57.3%) | 0.07 | 372 (54.5%) | 115 (74.7%) | < 0.001 |
 Bronchopulmonary dysplasiac | 175 (18.8%) | 156 (20.0%) | 0.59 | 111 (16.4%) | 45 (29.2%) | < 0.001 |
  Missing | 9 (1.0%) | 15 (1.9%) |  | 7 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 Any severe morbidity | 111 (11.8%) | 90 (11.4%) | 0.70 | 61 (8.9%) | 38 (24.7%) | < 0.001 |
  Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 9 (1.1%) |  | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 Any congenital anomalyd | 46 (4.9%) | 40 (5.0%) | 0.75 | 29 (4.2%) | 12 (7.8%) | 0.06 |
 Any Surgery | 75 (8.0%) | 69 (8.7%) | 0.83 | 39 (5.7%) | 27 (17.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Socioeconomic status | ||||||
  1 (least deprivated) | 236 (25.1%) | 107 (13.4%) | < 0.001 | 182 (26.7%) | 36 (23.4%) | 0.54 |
  2 | 193 (20.5%) | 115 (14.5%) |  | 146 (21.4%) | 27 (17.5%) |  |
  3 | 194 (20.6%) | 144 (18.1%) |  | 142 (20.8%) | 31 (20.1%) |  |
  4 | 149 (15.8%) | 173 (21.7%) |  | 102 (14.9%) | 28 (18.2%) |  |
  5 (most deprivated) | 140 (14.9) | 213 (26.8%) |  | 95 (13.9%) | 26 (16.9%) |  |
  Missing | 29 (3.1) | 44 (5.5%) |  | 16 (2.3%) | 6 (3.9%) |  |