Table 3 Baseline characteristics of patient cohorts
|  | Total (n = 795) | MACE (n = 247) | Non-MACE (n = 548) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 60 (51–68) | 61 (54–68) | 59 (50–68) | 0.035 |
Male gender, n (%) | 542 (68.2) | 188 (76.1) | 354 (64.6) | 0.002 |
Race, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.623 |
 Chinese | 492 (61.9) | 159 (64.4) | 333 (60.8) | 0.374 |
 Indian | 129 (16.2) | 34 (13.8) | 95 (17.3) | 0.246 |
 Malay | 150 (18.9) | 46 (18.6) | 104 (19.0) | 0.984 |
 Other | 24 (3.0) | 8 (3.2) | 16 (2.9) | 0.984 |
Vital signs, median (IQR) | ||||
 Temperature (°C) | 36.4 (36.0–36.7) | 36.3 (36.0–36.7) | 36.4 (36.0–36.7) | 0.793 |
 Heart rate (beats/min) | 76 (67–89) | 80 (69–92.5) | 75 (66–87) | 0.03 |
 Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 18 (17–18) | 18 (17–18) | 18 (17–18) | 0.716 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138 (123.0–159.0) | 142 (123.5–165.5) | 137 (122.0–156.2) | 0.037 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.0 (68.0–86.0) | 78.0 (70.0–89.0) | 75.0 (67.0–84.0) | 0.001 |
 SpO2 (%) | 99.0 (97.0–100.0) | 99.0 (97.0–100.0) | 99.0 (97.0–100.0) | 0.842 |
 Pain score | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.008 |
 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 15.0 (15.0–15.0) | 0.121 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
 Ischaemic heart disease | 343 (43.1) | 115 (46.6) | 228 (41.6) | 0.22 |
 Diabetes | 278 (35.0) | 106 (42.9) | 172 (31.4) | 0.002 |
 Hypertension | 509 (64.0) | 161 (65.2) | 348 (63.5) | 0.707 |
 Hypercholesterolaemia | 476 (59.9) | 151 (61.1) | 325 (59.3) | 0.683 |
 Stroke | 58 (7.3) | 15 (6.1) | 43 (7.8) | 0.458 |
 Cancer | 29 (3.6) | 7 (2.8) | 22 (4.0) | 0.537 |
 Respiratory disease | 31 (3.9) | 5 (2.0) | 26 (4.7) | 0.102 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 87 (10.9) | 26 (10.5) | 61 (11.1) | 0.896 |
 Congestive heart failure | 38 (4.8) | 9 (3.6) | 29 (5.3) | 0.407 |
 History of PCI | 199 (25.0) | 68 (27.5) | 131 (23.9) | 0.316 |
 History of CABG | 71 (8.9) | 26 (10.5) | 45 (8.2) | 0.355 |
 History of AMI | 133 (16.7) | 48 (19.4) | 85 (15.5) | 0.205 |
 Active smoker | 197 (24.8) | 73 (29.6) | 124 (22.6) | 0.045 |
ECG pathology, n (%) | ||||
 ST elevation | 65 (8.2) | 48 (19.4) | 17 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
 ST depression | 92 (11.6) | 69 (27.9) | 23 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
 T wave inversion | 209 (26.3) | 86 (34.8) | 123 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
 Pathological Q wave | 86 (10.8) | 51 (20.6) | 35 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
 QTc prolongation | 174 (21.9) | 73 (29.6) | 101 (18.4) | 0.001 |
 Left axis deviation | 64 (8.1) | 16 (6.5) | 48 (8.8) | 0.34 |
 Right axis deviation | 16 (2.0) | 6 (2.4) | 10 (1.8) | 0.773 |
 Left bundle branch block | 8 (1.0) | 3 (1.2) | 5 (0.9) | 0.991 |
 Right bundle branch block | 56 (7.0) | 14 (5.7) | 42 (7.7) | 0.385 |
 Interventricular conduction delay | 30 (3.8) | 13 (5.3) | 17 (3.1) | 0.201 |
 Left atrial abnormality | 12 (1.5) | 4 (1.6) | 8 (1.5) | 0.886 |
 Left ventricular hypertrophy | 103 (13.0) | 38 (15.4) | 65 (11.9) | 0.21 |
 Right ventricular hypertrophy | 6 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (0.9) | 0.747 |
Laboratory findings, median (IQR) | ||||
 Troponin (ng/L) | 0 (0–39.5) | 40 (10–170) | 0 (0–15.2) | < 0.001 |
 Creatine kinase-MB | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | 2.7 (2.1–6.0) | 2.4 (1.7–2.7) | < 0.001 |
Clinical scores, median (IQR) | ||||
 HEART | 5.0 (4.0 to 7.0) | 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) | 4.0 (3.0 to 6.0) | < 0.001 |
 TIMI | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) | < 0.001 |
 GRACE | 104.0 (83.5 to 128.0) | 119.0 (97.0 to 139.0) | 98.0 (78.0 to 125.0) | < 0.001 |