Table 2 Methods identified from the MOoR Framework mapped to newly identified studies

Eligibility criteria step

Include all reviews (manage overlap at other stages)

Pollock [28, 31]

Murphy [23]

Patnode [27]

Select one (or more) reviews using pre-specified eligibility criteria

Ballard [29]; Hennessy [17, 30]; Pollock [18]; Pollock [19, 28, 31]

Bidonde [22]

Patnode [27]

Prousali [24]

Thabet [26]

Select one review from multiple addressing the same question using pre-specified decision rules (e.g. combine one or more eligibility criteria in an algorithm)

Hennessy [17, 30]; Pollock [18]; Pollock [19, 28]

Ryan [25]

Exclude reviews that do not contain any unique primary studies, when there are multiple reviews

Hennessey [30]; Pollock [18]; Pollock [28]

Ryan [25] (a cut-off of 50% unique primary studies was used)

Data extraction step

Extract all reviews (manage overlap at other stages)

Pollock [19]

Bidonde [22]

Patnode [27]

Prousali [24]

Thabet [26]

Extract data from only one (or more) reviews using pre-specified eligibility criteria

Pollock [19, 31]

Murphy [23]

Patnode [27]

Assessment of risk of bias step

Select one (or more) high quality reviews, or exclude low quality reviews, using pre-specified criteria

Hennessy [17]; Pollock [19, 28]

Murphy [23]

Patnode [27]

Prousali [24]

Ryan [25]

Synthesis and presentation and summary of findings step

Quantifying the amount of overlap (e.g. CCA [13])

Ballard [29]; Hennessy [17, 30]; Pollock [18]; Pollock [19, 28, 31]

Bidonde [22]

Murphy [23]

Patnode [27]

Prousali [24]

Ryan [25]^a

Thabet [26]

Visually present overlap (e.g. matrix, figures)

Hennessy [17, 30]; Pollock [19, 28, 31]; Bougioukas [33]

Bidonde [22]

Murphy [23]

Patnode [27]

Prousali [24]

Thabet

Select one review (e.g. high quality and comprehensive review using decision rules)

Hennessey [30]

Patnode [27]

Ryan [25]

Use a statistical method (e.g. conduct sensitivity analyses, inflate the variance of the pooled meta-analysis estimate)

Hennessey [30]

Patnode [27]