Fig. 1From: The minimal perceived change: a formal model of the responder definition according to the patient’s meaning of change for patient-reported outcome data analysis and interpretationAdapted from Rapkin and Schwartz, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2004 [22]An adapted version of the original Rapkin and Schwartz model explaining change in HRQoL. Accounting for changes in standard influences (S), coping processes (C), and appraisal processes (A). Back to article page