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Fig. 1 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 1

From: Multiple imputation to quantify misclassification in observational studies of the cognitively impaired: an application for pain assessment in nursing home residents

Fig. 1

Hypothesized causal paths between cognitive functioning status (CFS) and documented pain (Pain*). CFS may be associated with pain via a common cause or nursing home selection forces, represented by the dashed lines. In this study, we are interested in the potential bias through differential misclassification (UPain) as represented by the solid green arrows

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BMC Medical Research Methodology

ISSN: 1471-2288

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