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Table 4 Differences between expected and observed any pain responses among nursing home residents with moderate or severe cognitive impairment, stratified by demographic variables (n = 770,139)

From: Multiple imputation to quantify misclassification in observational studies of the cognitively impaired: an application for pain assessment in nursing home residents

Strata

Moderate Cognitive Impairment

Severe Cognitive Impairment

n

∆ (95% Confidence Interval (CI))

n

∆ (95% CI)

Gender

 Women

248,483

-5.3 (-6.2 to -4.4)

207,577

-10.8 (-11.6 to -10.0)

 Men

179,669

-4.3 (-5.2 to -3.5)

130,294

-9.0 (-9.7 to -8.2)

Pain Rx

 Scheduled + PRN

82,455

-10.2 (-11.5 to -8.8)

45,800

-20.3 (-21.5 to -19.0)

 Scheduled Only

42,559

13.7 (12.5 to 15.0)

39,434

3.6 (2.3 to 4.8)

 PRN Only

147,510

-15.0 (-16.3 to -13.8)

96,105

-25.7 (-26.9 to -24.4)

 None

155,432

2.4 (2.0 to 2.9)

156,357

-1.0 (-1.5 to -0.5)

Fracture

 Yes

75,901

-4.4 (-5.5 to -3.3)

55,280

-11.6 (-12.7 to -10.6)

 No

352,197

-5.0 (-5.8 to -4.1)

282,560

-9.8 (-10.5 to -9.1)

Arthritis

 Yes

99,964

-4.7 (-5.5 to -3.7)

70,274

-11.2 (-12.1 to -10.4)

 No

328,132

-4.9 (-5.8 to -4.1)

267,560

-9.8 (-10.6 to -9.1)

  1. ∆: Absolute difference in percentage between calculated as percentage observed – percentage expected