Fig. 5

Binary outcome variables (OR left panel, RR right panel): univariate versus MVMA as couplets. For OR: Bangalore [36], Singh [43], Manzanares [59], Qureshi [70] and Elke [71], second outcome bivariate meta-analysis; Chan [38] and Davies [73], mortality tri-variate meta-analysis; Manzanares [59], Nunez-Patino [62]and Davies [73], second outcome trivariate meta-analysis; Marik [37], Osandik [67] and Chen [69], third outcome tri-variate meta-analysis. For RR meta-analysis: Masip [52], mortality bivariate meta-analysis; Bangalore [36], Rhodes [61] and Qureshi [70], bivariate meta-analysis; Marik [37] and Numez-Patino [62], mortality tri-variate meta-analysis; for Wang [77] and Szakmany [54], trivariate meta-analysis, second outcome