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Table 5 Second level scales across subgroups (N = 192): means, standard deviations and frequencies of scorings above the cutoff. T-test and ANOVA for continuous variables, Chi-square test for categorical variables

From: Hospital workers mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: methods of data collection and characteristics of study sample in a university hospital in Milan (Italy)

   PHQ-9 DES SCL-90
N (%) Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff
Male 57 (30) 8.43 (4.79) 12 (21) 9.19 (8.74) 9 (15) 0.61 (0.42) 9 (16)
Female 135 (70) 9.61 (5.76) 51 (37) 12.8 (13.3) 29 (21) 0.83 (0.65) 41 (30)
    * *   ** *
Age group
 20–30 34 (18) 10.2 (5.79) 11 (32) 12.7 (10.8) 7 (20) 0.87 (0.65) 12 (35)
 31–40 59 (31) 8.64 (5.31) 14 (23) 13.6 (12.5) 17 (28) 0.73 (0.57) 17 (29)
 41–50 44 (23) 9.34 (6.19) 17 (38) 9.75 (10.4) 6 (13) 0.74 (0.59) 10 (23)
 51–60 48 (25) 9.85 (5.01) 21 (43) 11.6 ( 14.8) 8 (16) 0.82 (0.63) 11 (23)
 > 60 5 (3) 4.40 (1.51) 0 3.89 (2.48) 0 0.37 (0.26) 0
Occupational role
 Administrative staff 10 (5) 8.10 (4.28) 4 (40) 10.5 (11.1) 2 (20) 0.75 (0.63) 4 (40)
 Health assistant 9 (5) 13.0 (5.17) 7 (77) 23.8 (23.9) 5 (55) 1.47 (1.02) 5 (55)
 Nursing staff 101 (53) 10.6 (5.70) 36 (35) 14.0 (12.5) 27 (26) 0.86 (0.60) 33 (33)
 Physician 49 (25) 7.18 (4.70) 9 (18) 6.87 (6.81) 2 (4) 0.53 (0.33) 4 (8)
 Others 23 (12) 6.95 (4.28) 7 (30) 8.19 (8.73) 2 (8) 0.59 (0.54) 4 (17)
   *** ** *** *** *** **
Chronic disease
 Yes 71 (37) 10.4 (5.50) 33 (46) 13.2 (13.1) 16 (22) 0.87 (0.63) 22 (31)
 No 121 (63) 8.57 (5.41) 30 (24) 10.9 (11.6) 22 (18) 0.71 (0.57) 28 (23)
   * **     
Positive nasopharyngeal swab
 Yes 23 (12) 9.39 (4.44) 7 (30) 10.8 (11.4) 3 (13) 0.67 (0.37) 3 (13)
 No 169 (88) 9.24 (5.64) 56 (33) 11.9 (12.3) 35 (20) 0.78 (0.62) 47 (28)
Experience of quarantine
 Yes 34 (18) 9.38 (4.52) 9 (26) 10.9 (9.73) 3 (8) 0.76 (0.43) 8 (23)
 No 158 (82) 9.24 (5.70) 54 (34) 11.9 (12.7) 35 (22) 0.77 (0.63) 42 (26)
COVID-19 area working experience
 Never 53 (28) 8.39 (5.18) 19 (35) 10.5 (11.0) 7 (13) 0.73 (0.62) 12 (22)
 Yes        
currently 96 (50) 9.69 (5.74) 31 (32) 12.7 (13.3) 20 (21) 0.83 (0.59) 30 (31)
previously 43 (22) 9.37 (5.33) 13 (30) 11.1 (11.0) 11 (26) 0.68 (0.57) 8 (19)
  > 120 days 79 (41) 9.77 (5.52) 24 (31) 12.2 (13.3) 15 (19) 0.84 (0.60) 24 (31)
  < 120 days 60 (31) 9.91 (5.66) 19 (33) 13.1 (12.1) 16 (28) 0.76 (0.57) 14 (25)
high-intensity area 121 (63) 9.76 (5.60) 38 (31) 12.3 (13.0) 25 (20) 0.77 (0.57) 32 (26)
low-intensity area 18 (9) 8.50 (5.63) 6 (33) 11.7 (9.85) 6 (33) 0.84 (0.70) 6 (33)
Positive family member
 Yes 38 (20) 9.13 (4.58) 10 (26) 10.2 (8.16) 4 (10) 0.72 (0.48) 7 (18)
 No 154 (80) 9.29 (5.72) 53 (34) 12.1 (13.0) 34 (22) 0.78 (0.62) 43 (28)
  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; *** p < 0.001
  2. p values refer to comparisons between subjects with working experiences in COVID-19 area ( current/previous, number of days, intensity area) and subjects with no experience in COVID-19 area