Can the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) checklist be utilized to predict emergency department visits among children and adolescents?

Table 3 Association between ACE items and index ED visit within a year of enrolment to mental health services

ACE items	Odds Ratio (OR)	95% CI	p-value
Emotional abuse
Yes	1.48	1.32, 1.66	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.33	0.95, 1.85	0.09
Physical abuse
Yes	1.56	1.35, 1.81	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.37	1.02, 1.85	0.03
Sexual abuse
Yes	1.72	1.41, 2.10	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.64	1.26, 2.12	< 0.001
Emotional neglect
Yes	1.43	1.28, 1.60	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	0.97	0.72, 1.31	0.8
Physical neglect
Yes	1.30	1.11, 1.52	0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.21	0.88, 1.68	0.2
Parents divorced
Yes	1.23	1.11, 1.37	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.61	0.95, 2.72	0.07
Interpersonal violence in family
Yes	1.34	1.18, 1.53	< 0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.44	1.12, 1.86	0.004
Substance use in family
Yes	1.23	1.09, 1.38	0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.47	1.15, 1.89	0.002
Mental illness in family
Yes	1.20	1.08, 1.33	0.001
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.36	1.03, 1.79	0.02
Incarceration of family member
Yes	1.05	0.87, 1.27	0.6
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Missing	1.57	1.27, 1.95	< 0.001

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