Table 6 Overview of hybrid papers (Cycle 3)

Bergen A et al. A case for case studies [78]

To explore relevance of CS concepts to nursing research

220

Yin

Nursing

It is necessary to analyse case and context data; internal and external validity strengthened e.g. via theory building

1

Crowe et al. The case study approach [79]

To introduce and assess different CS approaches, questions and methods

1627

Stake and Yin

Primary Care/ Population Health

Suggestions to address concerns about transferability, incl. Theoretical sampling respondent validation and transparency

1,2

Payne et al. Case study research methods in end-of-life care [80]

To advocate for CS research in nursing and to summarise practical issues

97

Yin (Stake mentioned)

Nursing/ Palliative Care

Case selection is central to theoretical generalisation; mentions reflexivity in knowledge production

2

Segar et al. Thinking about case studies in 3-D [81]

To reflect on methodology of their case studies of healthcare commissioning

5

Yin, Flyvbjerg

Health Services Research

Important to define boundaries of the case and to focus in-depth on place and local history to understand change

2

Sharp. The case for case studies in nursing research [82]

To set out when CS useful for studying practice, including where there is a complex pathway of care

121

Yin, Stake and Walshe

Nursing

CS have limited capacity for representativeness and generalisation (only to similar situations)

1,2

Van Eyk et al. Evaluating healthcare reform [67]

To reflect on methodological challenges of case study evaluation of healthcare reform

17

Yin

Public Health

CS should consider historical and political context to reform; research needs to be participatory and flexible to adapt to change during evaluation

2

Walshe C. The evaluation of complex interventions in palliative care [25]

To advocate for CS to address complexity of interventions

74

Stake, Merriam, Yin, Flyvbjerg, Walshe

Palliative Care

More emphasis needed on case selection, longitudinal designs, and use of rival hypotheses to enhance study of complexity

1,2

Wells et al. Intervention description is not enough [28]

To examine the relationship between context and intervention

207

Yin

Nursing

Context and intervention are co-constructed; complex interventions evolve during trials; such influences compromise RCTs

1