Condition | Study Proportion | Population Prevalence | Recommendations | Implication and Differential Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cholelithiasis | 2.3% (2) | 1.9–4.0% [34]* | • Evaluation by PCP. • If child develops abdominal pain, vomiting, or fever, please go to the ED. | • No evidence of inflammation most likely indicates no acute health problems. |
Horseshoe kidney | 1.2% (1) | 0.16% [35]* | • Evaluation by PCP. • Referral to Pediatric Nephrologist. | • Increased risk for hydronephrosis, urinary obstruction, renal calculi, and urinary tract infections. |
Left lung lesion | 1.2% (1) | Not applicable | • Evaluation by PCP. • Referral to Pediatric Pulmonologist. | • Possible causes include pneumonia, granulomatous disease, and metastatic cancer. |
Hepatic cyst | 1.2% (1) | 2.5% [36] | • Evaluation by PCP. • Referral to Pediatric Gastroenterologist. • Liver ultrasound. | • Most likely benign, however other possible causes include neoplasm, abscess, and hemangioma. |
Renal cyst | 2.3% (2) | 0.1–0.25% (ADPKD) [37]* 0.003–0.01% (ARPKD) [37]* | • Evaluation by PCP. • Referral to Pediatric Nephrologist. • Renal ultrasound. | • Most likely benign, however may represent congenital or acquired polycystic kidney disease. |
Ovarian cyst(s) | 2.3% (2) | 6–20% [38] | • Evaluation by PCP. | • Most likely benign and will resolve without intervention. • May be suggestive of polycystic ovarian syndrome. |
Severely elevated liver fat > 10%a,b | 16.3% (14) | 9.6% [39]* | • Evaluation by PCP. • Referral to Pediatric Gastroenterologist. | • Most likely etiology is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, however, cannot rule out other potential causes of liver fat. |