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Fig. 12 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 12

From: Analysis approaches to address treatment nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point-treatment settings: a simulation study

Fig. 12

Standard error (SE) versus the nonadherence rate for null and non-null effect using DAG 2. All 2SLS and 2SRI methods share the same line as they produce approximately the same SE. The PP methods also share approximately the same line. Abbreviations: RD: risk difference, ITT: intention-to-treat, PP: per-protocol, AT: as-treated, IP-weighted PP: inverse probability-weighted per-protocol, 2SLS: two-stage least square, 2SRI: two-stage residual inclusion

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