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Fig. 37 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 37

From: Analysis approaches to address treatment nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point-treatment settings: a simulation study

Fig. 37

Standard error (SE) versus the nonadherence rate using DAG 2 for 500 samples. The naïve and both-stages adjusted 2SLS and 2SRI share the same line, and the first stage adjusted 2SLS and 2SRI share the same line as they produce approximately the same SE. The PP methods also share approximately the same line. Abbreviations: RD: risk difference, ITT: intention-to-treat, PP: per-protocol, AT: as-treated, IP-weighted PP: inverse probability-weighted per-protocol, 2SLS: two-stage least square, 2SRI: two-stage residual inclusion

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