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Fig. 45 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 45

From: Analysis approaches to address treatment nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point-treatment settings: a simulation study

Fig. 45

Mean risk difference (RD) versus the nonadherence rate using DAG 3 for 500 samples. Here, violation indicates the violation of the exclusion restriction assumption. The grey lines are the lower and upper bound of the NPCB method. The ITT and baseline-adjusted ITT; naive and both-stages adjusted 2SLS and 2SRI superimposed on each other. Abbreviations: RD: risk difference, ITT: intention-to-treat, PP: per-protocol, AT: as-treated, IP-weighted PP: inverse probability-weighted per-protocol, 2SLS: two-stage least square, 2SRI: two-stage residual inclusion, NPCB: nonparametric causal bound

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