Table 1 Distribution of calibration covariates in the reference population and standardized distances
Reference population (%) | Dual-frame: Combined (d*) | Single-frame: Cell phone (d*) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 25,319 | 15,602 | |
Sex | 5.6 | 3.0 | |
Male | 48.7% | −5.6 | −3.0 |
Female | 51.3% | 5.6 | 3.0 |
Age (years) | 2.0 | 2.7 | |
18–24 | 11.2% | −2.3 | 1.3 |
25–34 | 17.1% | 0.5 | 5.2 |
35–44 | 18.5% | −2.3 | 0.8 |
45–54 | 19.5% | −1.5 | −0.3 |
55–64 | 18.2% | 2.6 | 0.5 |
65–75 | 15.5% | 2.7 | −8.1 |
Education level | 10.3 | 13.1 | |
Primary education | 13.3% | −19.8 | −22.9 |
Less than high school | 35.4% | −8.9 | −14.6 |
High school graduate | 20.4% | 3.2 | 5.6 |
2 years post-secondary | 12.8% | −0.6 | 1.8 |
3–4 years post-secondary | 7.6% | 22.4 | 24.1 |
≥ 5 years post-secondary | 10.5% | 6.6 | 9.5 |
Size of household | 7.4 | 5.0 | |
1 person | 17.4% | 14.7 | 12.3 |
2 persons | 34.2% | 2.5 | −2.3 |
3 persons | 18.9% | −6.0 | − 2.3 |
4 persons | 19.3% | −8.4 | −5.4 |
≥ 5 persons | 10.2% | −5.5 | −2.7 |
Urbanization | 2.6 | 2.5 | |
Rural | 24.0% | 2.3 | −2.8 |
< 20,000 inhabitants | 16.8% | −0.8 | −1.9 |
20,000–99,999 inhabitants | 12.1% | 2.1 | 1.8 |
100,000–199,999 inhabitants | 4.9% | 4.4 | 4.8 |
≥ 200,000 inhabitants | 25.7% | −4.2 | −1.4 |
Paris agglomeration | 16.6% | −1.9 | 2.1 |
Region of residence | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
Ile-de-France | 19.0% | −2.8 | 1.6 |
Grand-Est | 8.6% | −0.4 | −1.9 |
Hauts-de-France | 9.3% | −2.5 | − 2.4 |
Normandie | 5.1% | 1.3 | −0.8 |
Centre | 4.0% | −1.0 | −2.1 |
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | 4.4% | −0.5 | −1.7 |
Bretagne | 5.1% | 3.9 | 3.2 |
Pays de Loire | 5.7% | −0.9 | −2.6 |
Nouvelle Aquitaine | 9.2% | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | 12.2% | 3.0 | 1.8 |
Occitanie | 9.1% | 1.4 | 1.5 |
PACA and Corse | 8.3% | −1.5 | 0.2 |
Mean D | – | 4.9 | 4.7 |
R-indicator without interactions | – | 0.85 | 0.89 |