Table 3 Quality assessment criteria of each article using CASP Cohort Checklist^a

Albanese et al. [18]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

C

Y

Greater distress intolerance predicted a poorer ability to volitionally suppress intrusions during the monitoring period.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Forster et al. [20]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Patients’ mean compliance rate for EMA was 71.6%. Across all variables, a mean of 55.1% variability in responses. No correlation between patients’ compliance or mean fluctuation.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Juengst et al. [22]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Participants correctly completed 73.4% of all scheduled assessments

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Juengst et al. [23]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Significant temporal within-person variability occurred for all measures.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Lenaert et al. [24]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Demonstrated feasibility with a 71% response rate and a 99% completion rate. There were no dropouts and method indicated as user-friendly.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Rabinowitz et al. [26]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Network modelling revealed marked heterogeneity across participants in terms of acute concussion symptoms.

Y

Y

Y

C

Y

Rabinowitz et al. [27]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

EMA response rate was positively correlated with integrity of episodic memory and education. Activities associated with positive or negative affect were able to be characterised.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Smith et al. [28]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

mHealth technologies are feasible adjuncts to traditional medical treatment in the Veteran population.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Sufrinko et al. [30]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Post-concussion symptoms able to be measured using mobile EMA and symptoms captured able to be used to determine associations with recovery.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Trbovich et al. [31]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

C

Y

Sleep efficiency and total sleep time were negatively associated with next day concussion symptoms.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Wiebe et al. [32]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

EMA feasible. Concussion symptoms decreased as the 2-week follow-up period progressed.

Y

Y

Y

C

Y

Worthen-Chaudhari et al. [33]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Mobile apps using social gaming may promote health management in teens with unresolved concussion symptoms.

Y

Y

Y

C

Y

Carlozzi et al. [34]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Identified minimum of number of End of Day (EOD) and Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) needed to achieve different levels of reliability (“adequate” > 0.70, “good” > 0.80 and excellent > 0.90).

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Carlozzi et al. [35]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Fluctuations in sleep quality were significantly associated with ratings of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL).

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kratz et al. [36]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pain acceptance significantly moderated the momentary association between pain intensity and pain interference; those with higher pain acceptance experienced a blunted increase in interference when pain was high.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kratz et al. [37]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Participant compliance was related to time of day/ presence of audible prompts, mobility aid use, race, and baseline levels of pain and pain interference, with more missing data at wake and bedtimes/ no prompts, and for those who used hand-held mobility devices, identified as African American, and/or reported higher baseline pain and pain interference.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kim et al. [38]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Bivariate correlations indicated moderate to large between-person linear associations between pain acceptance, intensity, and catastrophizing.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Todd et al. [39]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Participants experienced a significant decrease in neuropathic pain following completion of at least one bout of exercise.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Todd et al. [40]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

Participants reported that EMA protocol was unobtrusive to their daily routines, and effectively captured their neuropathic pain sensations.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Gonzalez-Borato et al. [41]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Psixport can gather information about injured athletes’ cognitive appraisals, emotional responses, behaviours, and pain perceptions. EMA more accurate than retrospective reports.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pacella et al. [42]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Greater odds of headache and concentration difficulties on day 1 post-injury among the head injured and mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) groups vs non-head injured trauma controls.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pacella et al. [43]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pain scores decreased over time, and daily fluctuations of hyperarousal were associated with daily fluctuations in reported pain level within each person.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Price et al. [44]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Response rates were correlated with PTSD symptoms at baseline but not at other times.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Price et al. [45]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Responses rates were uncorrelated with PTSD symptoms or depression symptoms at 1-and 3-month post-injury.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Price et al. [46]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Response rate was 61.1%. Participants reported that the daily assessments were not bothersome and were moderately helpful.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y