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Table 2 Reference distributions of creatinine and urea acquired by direct and two indirect sampling techniques

From: Comparison of reference distributions acquired by direct and indirect sampling techniques: exemplified with the Pediatric Reference Interval in China (PRINCE) study

Age Group

n

Median

Mean

SD

Skewness

Kurtosis

Creatinine (μmol/L)

 1 to < 6 years

  Transferred PRINCE

3167

29.2

28.9

5.6

0.10

-0.33

  GMM Partitioned LIS

33,692

30.4

30.4

5.7

-0.00

-0.01

  SOM Partitioned LIS

10,854

28.2

28.2

5.5

0.54

1.88

 6 to < 12 years

  Transferred PRINCE

4469

40.4

40.6

5.6

0.23

-0.28

  GMM Partitioned LIS

26,400

41.9

41.9

7.0

0.01

0.00

  SOM Partitioned LIS

6168

41.1

42.0

8.6

1.13

2.92

 12 to < 17 years boys

  Transferred PRINCE

1455

60.1

60.8

12.7

0.37

-0.36

  GMM Partitioned LIS

3826

59.4

59.3

10.0

0.01

-0.02

  SOM Partitioned LIS

2819

60.4

61.5

11.7

0.57

0.62

 12 to < 17 years girls

  Transferred PRINCE

1594

51.6

52.2

8.3

0.08

-0.30

  GMM Partitioned LIS

3698

52.1

52.0

9.0

-0.01

-0.01

  SOM Partitioned LIS

2569

56.8

58.5

7.8

1.31

2.67

Urea (mmol/L)

 1 to < 17 years

  Transferred PRINCE

10,663

4.25

4.33

0.99

0.43

-0.06

  GMM Partitioned LIS

75,489

4.31

4.30

0.90

-0.01

-0.01

  SOM Partitioned LIS

26,513

4.25

4.27

0.96

0.70

2.19

  1. PRINCE Pediatric Reference Intervals in China, LIS Laboratory Information System, GMM Gaussian Mixture Model, SOM Self-Organizing Map, SD standard deviation