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Table 3 Estimated transition probabilities from baseline to 4 weeks based on the Weibull multi-state model using the Markov assumptiona and fitted without covariates, reported per 10,000 patients (mITT population)

From: Relationship between risk, cumulative burden of exacerbations and mortality in patients with COPD: modelling analysis using data from the ETHOS study

From

exacerbation state

To exacerbation state

State 1

(No exacerbation)

State 2

(1 moderate exacerbation)

State 3

(≥ 2 moderate exacerbations)

State 4

(≥ 1 severe exacerbations)

State 5

(Death)

State 1 (No exacerbation)

9085 (9027–9136)

693 (655–734)

61 (53–70)

147 (134–161)

15 (12–18)

State 2 (1 moderate exacerbation)

0 (0–0)

8256 (8115–8383)

1514 (1396–1632)

205 (176–238)

25 (18–37)

State 3 (≥ 2 moderate exacerbations)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

9696 (9636–9747)

274 (227–330)

29 (17–50)

State 4 (≥ 1 severe exacerbations)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

9851 (9795–9894)

149 (106–205)

State 5 (Death)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

10,000 (10,000–10,000)

  1. 95% CIs are reported and were obtained by simulating 1000 samples from the asymptotic normal distribution of the maximum likelihood estimates [38]
  2. CI Confidence interval, mITT Modified intent-to-treat
  3. aMarkov assumption is that transition to future states depends only on the current state at time t and not previously occupied states