Skip to main content

Table 3 Results of random effects meta-analysis for different adjustment factors, stratified by super region, for lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV) and past year IPV

From: A framework to model global, regional, and national estimates of intimate partner violence

Adjustment factors by super regions

(and overall)

Lifetime IPV

OR (95%CI)

Past year IPV

OR (95%CI)

Severe violence (ref. all severity levels)a

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

NA

0.39 (0.34–0.45)

 High Income

NA

NA

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.51 (0.43–0.60)

0.62 (0.56–0.69)

 North Africa & Middle East

NA

0.47 (0.34–0.64)

 South Asia

NA

0.52 (0.44–0.61)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.36 (0.25–0.50)

0.57 (0.48–0.67)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.37 (0.33–0.42)

0.61 (0.58–0.64)

 Overall

0.38 (0.34–0.42)

0.57 (0.55–0.60)

Physical IPV (ref. physical and/or sexual IPV)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

0.93 (0.92–0.95)

0.95 (0.93–0.97)

 High Income

0.86 (0.84–0.88)

0.76 (0.70–0.83)

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.90 (0.87–0.93)

0.84 (0.81–0.88)

 North Africa & Middle East

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

0.83 (0.76–0.91)

 South Asia

0.82 (0.73–0.93)

0.78 (0.67–0.90)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.79 (0.73–0.84)

0.78 (0.73–0.83)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.82 (0.78–0.86)

0.79 (0.76–0.82)

 Overall

0.86 (0.84–0.87)

0.81 (0.79–0.83)

Sexual IPV (ref. physical and/or sexual IPV)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

0.22 (0.20–0.25)

0.22 (0.18–0.27)

 High Income

0.29 (0.24–0.34)

0.27 (0.22–0.32)

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.26 (0.23–0.29)

0.31 (0.28–0.35)

 North Africa & Middle East

0.19 (0.15–0.25)

0.28 (0.18–0.43)

 South Asia

0.28 (0.21–0.37)

0.36 (0.27–0.47)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.31 (0.26–0.36)

0.35 (0.28–0.44)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.27 (0.24–0.29)

0.32 (0.29–0.35)

 Overall

0.26 (0.25–0.28)

0.31 (0.29–0.33)

All women surveyed (ref. ever-partnered/married)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

NA

NA

 High Income

NA

NA

 Latin America & Caribbean

NA

NA

 North Africa & Middle East

NA

NA

 South Asia

NA

NA

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

NA

NA

 Sub-Saharan Africa

NA

NA

 Overall

0.79 (0.74–0.84)

b

Currently partnered women surveyed (ref. ever-partnered/married)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

0.81 (0.71–0.92)

0.88 (0.80–0.98)

 High Income

NA

NA

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.85 (0.80–0.90)

0.89 (0.82–0.96)

 North Africa & Middle East

0.94 (0.91–0.99)

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

 South Asia

0.98 (0.97–0.98)

1.06 (1.04–1.07)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.92 (0.89–0.96)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.93 (0.92–0.94)

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

 Overall

0.91 (0.90–0.93)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

Partner perpetrating is current or most recent (ref. any current or previous partners)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

NA

NA

 High Income

NA

0.68 (0.58–0.81)

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.82 (0.71–0.95)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

 North Africa & Middle East

NA

NA

 South Asia

NA

NA

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.88 (0.82–0.95)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.89 (0.86–0.92)

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

 Overall

0.84 (0.77–0.93)

0.97 (0.95–1.00)

Geographical urban strata (ref. nationally representative)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

0.98 (0.89–1.08)

0.90 (0.82–0.98)

 High Income

NA

NA

 Latin America & Caribbean

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

 North Africa & Middle East

0.86 (0.79–0.95)

0.88 (0.81–0.96)

 South Asia

0.76 (0.70–0.84)

0.77 (0.71–0.83)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

0.91 (0.83–1.00)

0.93 (0.85–1.01)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

0.98 (0.91–1.07)

 Overall

0.92 (0.85–1.01)

0.91 (0.84–0.99)

Geographical rural strata (ref. nationally representative)

 Central Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia

1.00 (0.92–1.08)

1.05 (0.99–1.12)

 High Income

NA

NA

 Latin America & Caribbean

0.88 (0.82–0.95)

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

 North Africa & Middle East

1.14 (1.06–1.23)

1.08 (1.03–1.14)

 South Asia

1.14 (1.06–1.22)

1.13 (1.07–1.19)

 South-East Asia, East Asia & Oceania

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

 Sub-Saharan Africa

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

 Overall

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

  1. 95%CI 95% confidence interval, IPV intimate partner violence, OR odds ratio, VAW violence against women
  2. aThe adjustment factors for past year severe IPV is based on the analyses of microdata of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) where the definition of severe physical and/or sexual violence includes punching, kicking/dragging, trying to strangle/burn, threatening with a weapon, attacking with weapon, and any type of sexual violence
  3. bMatching for past year IPV for the population surveyed (all women) did not result in enough matches. The OR for lifetime IPV are used instead as adjustment factors in the regression