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Table 1 Points to consider when developing an intervention specific treatment adherence scale

From: Enhancing and assessing fidelity in the TANDEM (Tailored intervention for ANxiety and DEpression Management in COPD) trial: development of methods and recommendations for research design

Consideration

Implication and response

Unclear expectations around standard of care to be delivered?

This may risk inconsistency in coding. Clear expectations should be set which will also enable the Facilitator to be recommended to have further supervision or training if needed

Topic delivered in a different session to that planned?

If this is acceptable within a tailored intervention coding ‘full’ intervention sets rather than individual sessions may be helpful. Complementing assessment with data from additional data sources such as clinical report forms may also be helpful

Topic delivered out of prescribed order?

Separate coding for presence and delivery in the correct format may be necessary

Intervention strategies are dependent on individual (tailored)

If tailored a drop-down list of strategies may be necessary

Not all topics are appropriate in all contexts?

Delivery criteria may need to reflect if topics are not applicable and account for this in scoring

Is it obvious what is encompassed at each level of quality coding?

Descriptions may need to be provided for each quality level. Fewer levels e.g., three versus five may be preferable

Could non-intervention strategies be delivered and would this matter?

Additions to designed intervention strategies should be coded as well as omissions. These may be either beneficial or detrimental to the intervention