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Table 1 Examples of research questions for CLECI

From: Coding linguistic elements in clinical interactions: a step-by-step guide for analyzing communication form

Research aim

Between groups – analysis of differences in communication patterns between two or more groups of people or between two or more types of consultations

Over time (longitudinal) – analysis of differences in communication patterns at different points in time

Examples of research questions

How do frequent GP visitors and occasional GP visitors differ in expressing anxiety about their health?

How have patients’ claims of epistemic authority changed in the last decade compared to 20 years ago (through the use of online health searching information)?

 

To what extent does positive communication by the doctor differ in good versus bad news consultation?

How do patients’ pain and symptoms descriptions change during the course of a disease or illness?