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Table 3 Third-level Split Ex-Post Reference Class Designations by Minimum Leaf Node Size in IV-CFA Estimation on the Benefit Outcome for Medicare Patients with Proximal Humerus Fractures in 2011 with 4000 Trees in the Forest

From: Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case of early surgery for shoulder fracture

 

Third-level Split Nodes

Minimum Leaf Node Size

Highest ← Early Surgery Effect on Benefit Outcome → Lowest

50

 < 86,

CCI = 0,

Not in lowest 2 pre cost quintiles

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile,

CCI > 4

 < 86,

CCI = 0,

Lowest 2 pre cost quintiles

 < 86,

CCI > 0, Highest pre cost quintile

 < 86,

CCI > 0,

Not highest pre cost quintile

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile,

CCI ≤ 4

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile,

FRI ≤ 2

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile,

FRI > 2

100

 < 86,

CCI = 0,

Not in lowest pre cost quintile

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile,

CCI > 4

 < 86,

CCI = 0, Lowest pre cost quintile

 < 86,

CCI > 0, Highest pre cost quintile

 < 86,

CCI > 0,

Not highest pre cost quintile

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile,

CCI ≤ 1

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile,

CCI ≤ 4

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile,

CCI > 1

200

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Not in lowest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Lowest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 < 86, Highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

CCI > 0,

 < 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

300

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Not in lowest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Lowest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 < 86, Highest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

CCI > 0,

 ≥ 86, Highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 < 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

400

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Not in lowest pre cost quintile

CCI > 4, Highest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 < 86,

Lowest pre cost quintile

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

CCI = 0,

 ≥ 86

0 < CCI ≤ 4,

Highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 < 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

CCI > 0,

 ≥ 86,

Not highest pre cost quintile

  1. CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index score based on Medicare claims in the year prior to index proximal humerus fracture
  2. FRI: Frailty Risk Index score based on Medicare claims in the year prior to index proximal humerus fracture
  3. Cost Quintiles: Based on Medicare spending in the 365 days prior to the index PHF
  4. Benefit: 1 if patient survives 61–365 days after index proximal humerus fracture with less than $300 of shoulder-related healthcare costs, 0 otherwise