Methodological perspectives on the study of the health effects of unemployment – reviewing the mode of unemployment, the statistical analysis method and the role of confounding factors

Norström, Fredrik; Hammarström, Anne

doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01670-1

Table 1 Characteristics for the study populations

From: Methodological perspectives on the study of the health effects of unemployment – reviewing the mode of unemployment, the statistical analysis method and the role of confounding factors

	Unemployment mode
	Self-reported long-term unemployment				Register-based long-term unemployment				Current unemployment
	No censor^a		Censored^a		No censor		Censored		No censor
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Labor market status
Employed	627	78%	522	84%	585	73%	488	80%	693	92%
Unemployed	178	22%	98	16%	214	27%	122	20%	61	8%
Self-rated health 2007
Poor	286	36%	202	33%	283	35%	197	32%	262	37%
Good	519	64%	418	67%	516	65%	413	68%	492	63%
Self-rated health 1995
Poor	186	23%	125	20%	179	22%	118	19%	164	22%
Good	619	77%	495	80%	620	78%	492	81%	590	78%
Education level^b
Secondary education	309	38%	253	41%	309	39%	251	41%	292	39%
Upper secondary education	146	18%	112	18%	144	18%	110	18%	134	18%
University	350	43%	255	41%	346	43%	249	41%	328	44%
Marital status
Married	591	73%	468	75%	581	73%	460	75%	543	72%
Single	214	27%	152	25%	218	27%	150	25%	211	28%
Occupation
Blue-collar	340	42%	246	40%	334	42%	239	39%	318	42%
Low white-collar	138	17%	103	17%	140	18%	104	17%	124	16%
Medium–high white-collar	327	41%	271	44%	325	41%	267	44%	312	41%
Gender
Man	376	47%	283	45%	367	46%	278	46%	331	44%
Woman	429	53%	338	55%	432	54%	332	54%	423	56%
Availability of Social Integration (AVSI)
Low	296	37%	203	33%	291	36%	197	32%	272	36%
High	509	73%	417	67%	508	64%	413	68%	482	74%
Availability of Attachment (AVAT)
Low	434	53%	321	52%	433	54%	315	52%	415	55%
High	371	47%	299	48%	366	46%	295	48%	339	45%
Cash margin
Access	640	80%	514	83%	639	80%	508	83%	605	80%
No access	165	20%	106	17%	160	20%	102	17%	149	20%
Smoking
Not smoking	561	70%	449	72%	558	70%	444	73%	528	70%
Smoking ≤ 10 cigarettes	152	19%	113	18%	147	18%	108	18%	139	18%
Smoking > 10 cigarettes	92	11%	58	9%	94	12%	58	10%	87	12%
Alcohol intake
Low	399	50%	313	50%	389	49%	306	50%	360	48%
High	406	50%	307	50%	410	51%	304	50%	394	52%
Body mass index
Normal	511	63%	393	63%	508	64%	387	63%	474	63%
Overweight	247	31%	191	31%	245	31%	188	31%	234	31%
Obese	47	6%	36	6%	46	6%	35	6%	46	6%

Note: Self-reported health is presented for both 1995 and 2007. Information for other during 1995
^a Censored individuals were during the follow-up period between autumn 1995 and autumn 2007 either unemployed or were active in the labor market for too short period
^b Secondary education corresponds to at most 2-years of secondary education, and upper-secondary education corresponds to 3–4 years of secondary education

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ISSN: 1471-2288

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