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Table 3 Median values [95% range] in 10,000 simulated trials of median progression-free survival (PFS), hazard ratio, number of events and analysis time (in months), and power for the fictitious trial of Scenario 2 (N = 220 patients; target = 162 events), without pandemic (base case) and with 6-month shutdown periods occurring at various times

From: The case against censoring of progression-free survival in cancer clinical trials – A pandemic shutdown as an illustration

Shut-down period

Parameter

Treatment policy strategy

Hypothetical strategy

Hypothetical strategy, delayed analysis

Interval censoring

6 to 12 months

Median PFS,

control

13.0 [10.5–16.0]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

Low: 11.0 [4.0–14.0]

High: 13.0 [10.5–16.0]

 

Median PFS, experimental

21.0 [16.0–27.0]

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

67 median estimates not reached

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

Low: 19.0 [14.0–25.0]

High: 21.0 [16.0–27.0]

 

Hazard ratio

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

0.60 [0.41–0.86]

0.60 [0.43–0.81]

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

 

Power

89.8%

78.3%

90.2%

89.2%

 

Number of events

162 [162–162]

113 [101–124]

162 [162–162]

162 [162–162]

 

Analysis time

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

80.8 [58.0–176.9]

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

12 to 18 months

Median PFS,

control

14.9 [13.2–17.1]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

Low: 8.0 [6.0–14.0]

High: 14.9 [13.2–17.1]

 

Median PFS, experimental

21.0 [16.5–27.0]

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

76 median estimates not reached

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

Low: 19.0 [10.0–25.0]

High: 21.0 [16.5–27.0]

 

Hazard ratio

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

0.60 [0.42–0.85]

0.60 [0.43–0.82]

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

 

Power

89.7%

81.4%

90.5%

89.2%

 

Number of events

162 [162–162]

125 [114–135]

162 [162–162]

162 [162–162]

 

Analysis time

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

58.8 [47.1–79.1]

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

18 to 24 months

Median PFS,

control

13.0 [10.0–19.6]

13.0 [10.0–22.0]

13.0 [10.0–22.0]

Low: 11.0 [8.0–12.0]

High: 13.0 [10.0-19.6]

 

Median PFS, experimental

22.0 [19.3–27.0]

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

68 median estimates not reached

26.0 [22.0–34.0]

Low: 15.0 [12.0–25.0]

High: 22.0 [19.3–27.0]

 

Hazard ratio

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

0.60 [0.42–0.84]

0.60 [0.42–0.84]

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

 

Power

89.8%

84.0%

90.0%

89.2%

 

Number of events

162 [162–162]

134 [124–143]

162 [162–162]

162 [162–162]

 

Analysis time

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

50.0 [ 41.5–62.7]

34.6 [29.8–39.9]

24 to 30 months

Median PFS,

control

13.0 [10.0–16.0]

13.0 [10.0–16.0]

13.0 [10.0–16.0]

Low: 11.0 [8.0–14.0]

High: 13.0 [10.0–16.0]

 

Median PFS, experimental

24.3 [16.0–28.0]

26.0 [16.0–32.0]

92 median estimates not reached

26.0 [16.0–34.0]

Low: 18.0 [14.0–21.0]

High: 24.4 [16.0–28.0]

 

Hazard ratio

0.60 [0.44–0.83]

0.60 [0.43–0.84]

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

0.60 [0.44–0.82]

 

Power

89.2%

85.6%

90.1%

89.1%

 

Number of events

162 [162–162]

141 [132–149]

162 [162–162]

162 [162–162]

 

Analysis time

34.6 [30.0–39.9]

45.3 [37 − 9–54.8 ]

34.6 [29.8–39.9]