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Table 2 Summary statistics of the variables used in the demand equation

From: Count data models for outpatient health services utilisation

Variable

Frequency(%)

Mean(± SD)

Predisposing factors

  

  State

  

  Johor

1052 (9.01)

 

  Kedah

669 (5.73)

 

  Kelantan

709 (6.07)

 

  Melaka

636 (5.45)

 

  Negeri Sembilan

653 (5.59)

 

  Pahang

745 (6.38)

 

  Penang

688 (5.89)

 

  Perak

578 (4.95)

 

  Perlis

667 (5.71)

 

  Selangor

1324 (11.34)

 

  Terengganu

730 (6.25)

 

  Sabah

855 (7.32)

 

  Sarawak

710 (6.08)

 

  Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur

563 (4.82)

 

  Federal Territory of Labuan

643 (5.51)

 

  Federal Territory of Putrajaya

452 (3.87)

 

  Age (years)

 

44.83 (± 16.55)

  Ethnic group

  

  Malay

7,613 (65.21)

 

  Chinese

1,483 (12.7)

 

  Indian

753 (6.45)

 

  Bumiputera Sabah

651 (5.58)

 

  Bumiputera Sarawak

488 (4.18)

 

  Others ethnic

686 (5.88)

 

  Sex

  

  Male

5, 517 (47.26)

 

  Female

6,157 (52.74)

 

  Education level

  

  No formal education

679 (5.82)

 

  Primary education

2,540 (21.76)

 

  Secondary education

5,593 (47.91)

 

  Tertiary education

2,862 (24.52)

 

  Marital status

  

  Not married*

3,744 (32.07)

 

  Married

7,930 (67.93)

 

Enabling factors

  

Working Status

  

  No

4,857 (41.61)

 

  Yes

6,817 (58.39)

 

Percentage (50%) of working adults in Household

  

  No

8,130 (69.64)

 

  Yes

3,544 (30.36)

 

Government Coverage

  

  No

8,760 (75.04)

 

  Yes

2,914 (24.96)

 

Employer Coverage

  

  No

9,506 (81.43)

 

  Yes

2,168 (18.57)

 

Household income quintile

  

  Poorest quintile

2,500 (21.42)

 

  Second quintile

2,291 (19.62)

 

  Third quintile

2,335 (20. 0)

 

  Fourth quintile

2,301 (19.71)

 

  Richest quintile

2,247 (19.25)

 

  Total household income (ln)

 

7.52(± 1.72)

Health need factors

  

Had any self-reported health problem

  

  No

8,130 (69.64)

 

  Yes

3,544 (30.36)

 

Perceived health status

  

  Excellent & good

8, 751 (74.96)

 

  Fair

2,639 (22.61)

 

  Poor & Very poor

284 (2.43)

 

Number of diagnosed NCD**

  

  0

8,363 (71.64)

 

  1

1,517 (12.99)

 

  2

1,036 (8.87)

 

  3

758 (6.49)

 
  1. *Not married includes single/widower/divorcee
  2. **NCD: Non-communicable disease, any combination of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia