Table 2 Risk of bias (ROBIS) assessment results
| Â | Study eligibility criteria | Identification and selection of studies | Data collection and study appraisal | Synthesis and findings | Risk of bias in the review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adiewere 2018 [13] | High | Unclear | Unclear | High | High |
Ahmad Sharoni (2016) [29] | High | High | Unclear | High | High |
Ahmed (2020) [38] | High | High | High | High | High |
Alkahoon (2020) [25] | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
Arad (2011) [18] | High | High | Unclear | High | High |
Binning (2019) [27] | Unclear | Low | High | Low | High |
Blanchette (2020) [39] | Unclear | Low | Low | High | High |
Bus (2015) [32] | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
Collings (2020) [40] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Crawford (2020) [14] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Dorresteijn (2014) [15] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Dy (2018) [41] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Ena (2020) [26] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Hazenberg (2019) [42] | High | High | High | High | High |
He (2013) [17] | Unclear | High | Unclear | High | High |
Healy (2013) [34] | Low | High | Unclear | Low | High |
Heuch (2016) [28] | High | High | Unclear | High | High |
Hoogeveen (2015) [16] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Kaltenthaler (1998) [22] | High | High | Unclear | Unclear | High |
McGloin (2021) [24] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Mason (1999) [21] | High | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High |
Matos (2018) [44] | High | High | Low | High | High |
Maciejewski (2004) [36] | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | High |
Mayfield (2000) [37] | High | High | High | High | High |
O’Meara (2000) [19] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Norman (2020) [23] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Paton (2011) [35] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Da Silva (2020) [43] | High | High | High | High | High |
Spencer (2000) [20] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
van Netten (2020) [30] | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |