Table 2 Estimates of total, direct and indirect effects of maternal depression or anxiety in pregnancy on the risk of infant wheezing between 6 and 18 months of age from inverse odds ratio weighting, inverse probability weighting and imputation approach. \(M_{1}\): adverse reproductive outcomes. \(M_{2}\): infant lower respiratory infections
From: Applied causal inference methods for sequential mediators
| Â | Through \(M_{1}\) | Through \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | PR | 95% CI* | PR | 95% CI |
Conditional effect | IOR\(^{*}\) approach | |||
     Direct effect | 1.59 | 1.27-1.94 | 1.57 | 1.25-1.92 |
     Indirect effect | 1.03 | 0.94-1.12 | 1.05 | 0.95-1.15 |
     Total effect | 1.64 | 1.33-2.00 | 1.64 | 1.33-1.97 |
Marginal effect | IPW\(^{**}\) approach | |||
     Direct effect | 1.60 | 1.30-1.94 | 1.57 | 1.27-1.87 |
     Indirect effect | 1.02 | 0.99-1.04 | 1.04 | 0.99-1.09 |
     Total effect | 1.63 | 1.33-1.98 | 1.63 | 1.31-1.95 |
Conditional effect | Imputation approach | |||
     Direct effect | 1.60 | 1.31-1.94 | 1.57 | 1.26-1.90 |
     Indirect effect | 1.02 | 1.01-1.05 | 1.05 | 1.01-1.09 |
     Total effect | 1.64 | 1.33-1.99 | 1.64 | 1.33-1.99 |
Marginal effect | Imputation approach | |||
     Direct effect | 1.60 | 1.30-1.91 | 1.57 | 1.24-1.88 |
     Indirect effect | 1.02 | 1.00-1.04 | 1.04 | 0.99-1.09 |
     Total effect | 1.63 | 1.33-1.95 | 1.62 | 1.29-1.95 |