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Table 3 The characteristics of each variable used to randomise split by covariate inclusion in the analysis

From: A systematic review of randomisation method use in RCTs and association of trial design characteristics with method selection

Variable characteristics

Covariate not in analysis

(n = 168)

Covariate included in analysis

(n = 479)

Variable typea

Binary

45 (27)

194 (41)

Categorical (Ordinal)

5 (3)

38 (8)

Categorical (Non-Ordinal)

100 (59)

126 (26)

Continuous

18 (11)

121 (25)

Variables form in randomisation if continuous

Binary

9 (50)

90 (74)

Categorical

5 (28)

26 (22)

Unknown

4 (22)

5 (4)

Number of categories b

2

59 (35)

304 (64)

3

16 (9)

64 (13)

4

10 (6)

20 (4)

5 + 

72 (43)

77 (16)

Unknown

11 (7)

14 (3)

Median (IQR)

3 (2, 17)

2 (2, 3)

Mean (SD)

29 (77)

6 (17)

  1. Unless otherwise specified, the table reports the number of studies along with column percentages
  2. a Variable type refers to the form of the variable separate of how it was included in the randomisation
  3. b Some categorical variables were split as binary to include in the randomisation. This includes 5 covariates not in the analysis and 20 covariates in the analysis