Fig. 1

Model architecture developed for prediction of new events of neurodegenerative diseases. Time of follow-up: from 2004 to 2005 to 2016–2017. Population: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Cox models with Elastic Net regularisation are in salmon, and Cox models with selected variables are in blue. The FeedForward model is in yellow, the Densenet model is in green and the TabTransformer model is in blue-violet. In the deep neural network models (Feedforward, Densenet and TabTransformer), the input was the baseline data (91 features) and the log-risk function is the output of the network