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Table 5 Event Summary of JMs Represented Hazard Ratios

From: Joint modelling of longitudinal processes and time-to-event outcomes in heart failure: systematic review and exemplar examining the relationship between serum digoxin levels and mortality

 

JM 1 (Unadjusted)

JM 2 (Adjusted)

JM 3

(Adjusted Time Dependant Slopes)

JM 4

(Time Dependant and Time Dependant slopes)

Variable

HR

P value

HR

P value

HR

P value

  

Age

  

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

 < 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

 < 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

 < 0.001

Male

  

1.19 (0.99–1.43)

0.062

1.2 (0.99–1.45)

0.064

1.22 (1.01–1.47)

0.042

Ejection Fraction %

  

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

 < 0.001

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

 < 0.001

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

 < 0.001

NYHA Class II

  

1.22 (0.95–1.57)

0.115

1.2 (0.93–1.55)

0.171

1.22 (0.94–1.57)

0.131

NYHA Class III

  

1.66 (1.28–2.16)

 < 0.001

1.63 (1.25–2.14)

 < 0.001

1.66 (1.27–2.17)

 < 0.001

NYHA Class IV

  

2.26 (1.45–3.53)

 < 0.001

2.3 (1.43–3.72)

0.001

2.36 (1.48–3.76)

 < 0.001

History of Hypotension

  

1.15 (0.99–1.34)

0.07

1.16 (0.99–1.36)

0.06

1.16 (0.99–1.35)

0.063

Non-Ischemic HF

  

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

0.428

1.07 (0.9–1.27)

0.455

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

0.386

BMI

  

0.98 (0.97–1)

0.036

0.98 (0.97–1)

0.061

0.99 (0.97–1)

0.113

Association (sqrt SDC)

5.32 (3.07–9.22)

 < 0.001

1.77 (1.34–2.33)

 < 0.001

  

1.33 (0.66–2.65)

0.427

Association Slopea

    

1.24 (0.97–1.59)

0.092

1.17 (0.96–1.42)

0.13

  1. HR of all parameters except Association Slope reported as hazard of all-cause mortality per one unit increase at any point in time
  2. aHR of Association Slope reported as hazard of all-cause mortality per one standard deviation increase in the slope of sqrt