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  1. Typical survival studies follow individuals to an event and measure explanatory variables for that event, sometimes repeatedly over the course of follow up. The Cox regression model has been used widely in the...

    Authors: Julius S. Ngwa, Howard J. Cabral, Debbie M. Cheng, Michael J. Pencina, David R. Gagnon, Michael P. LaValley and L. Adrienne Cupples
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The GH-2000 score has been developed as a powerful and unique technique for the detection of growth hormone misuse by sportsmen and women. The score depends upon the measurement of two growth hormone (GH) sens...

    Authors: Dankmar Böhning, Walailuck Böhning, Nishan Guha, David A. Cowan, Peter H. Sönksen and Richard I. G. Holt
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Publisher's Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:164

  3. Effective community-partnered and patient-centered outcomes research needs to address community priorities. However, optimal sampling methods to engage stakeholders from hard-to-reach, vulnerable communities t...

    Authors: Melissa A. Valerio, Natalia Rodriguez, Paula Winkler, Jaime Lopez, Meagen Dennison, Yuanyuan Liang and Barbara J. Turner
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. There has been a recent swell in activity by health research funding organizations and science journal editors to increase uptake of sex and gender considerations in study design, conduct and reporting in orde...

    Authors: Cara Tannenbaum, Lorraine Greaves and Ian D. Graham
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:145
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  5. Missing values are a frequent issue in human studies. In many situations, multiple imputation (MI) is an appropriate missing data handling strategy, whereby missing values are imputed multiple times, the analy...

    Authors: Simone Wahl, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Astrid Zierer, Barbara Thorand and Mark A. van de Wiel
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:144
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:170

  6. Stepped wedge designs have gained recognition as a method for rigorously assessing implementation of evidence-based quality improvement interventions (QIIs) across multiple healthcare sites. In theory, this de...

    Authors: Alexis K. Huynh, Martin L. Lee, Melissa M. Farmer and Lisa V. Rubenstein
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Recently, a growing number of Item-Response Theory (IRT) models has been published, which allow estimation of a common latent variable from data derived by different Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs). When usin...

    Authors: H. Felix Fischer and Matthias Rose
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:142
    Content type: Software Published on:

  8. It is widely recognised that the pursuit of sustainable development cannot be accomplished without addressing inequality, or observed differences between subgroups of a population. Monitoring health inequaliti...

    Authors: Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor, Devaki Nambiar, Anne Schlotheuber, Daniel Reidpath and Zev Ross
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:141
    Content type: Software Published on:

  9. Hydroxyurea (HU) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing complications in individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) but poor adherence is a barrier. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) has been shown t...

    Authors: Abel Makubi, Philip Sasi, Mariam Ngaeje, Enrico M. Novelli, Bruno P. Mmbando, Mark T. Gladwin and Julie Makani
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:140
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Measurement error in self-reported dietary intakes is known to bias the association between dietary intake and a health outcome of interest such as risk of a disease. The association can be distorted further b...

    Authors: George O. Agogo, Hilko van der Voet, Pieter van ’t Veer, Pietro Ferrari, David C. Muller, Emilio Sánchez-Cantalejo, Christina Bamia, Tonje Braaten, Sven Knüppel, Ingegerd Johansson, Fred A. van Eeuwijk and Hendriek C. Boshuizen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Sufficiently detailed abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are important, because readers often base their assessment of a trial solely on information in the abstract. We aimed at comparing reporti...

    Authors: Jean Joel R. Bigna, Jean Jacques N. Noubiap, Serra Lem Asangbeh, Lewis N. Um, Paule Sandra D. Sime, Elvis Temfack and Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Sepsis and severe sepsis are common conditions in hospital settings, and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, but reported incidences vary considerably. In this literature review, we desc...

    Authors: Saga Elise Mariansdatter, Andreas Halgreen Eiset, Kirstine Kobberøe Søgaard and Christian Fynbo Christiansen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The reliability of spatial statistics is often put into question because real spatial variations may not be found, especially in heterogeneous areas. Our objective was to compare empirically different cluster ...

    Authors: Juste Aristide Goungounga, Jean Gaudart, Marc Colonna and Roch Giorgi
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Population-based registries are increasingly used to recruit patient samples for research, however, they have several limitations including low consent and participation rates, and potential selection bias. To...

    Authors: Jamie Bryant, Rob Sanson-Fisher, Elizabeth Fradgley, Breanne Hobden, Alison Zucca, Frans Henskens, Andrew Searles, Brad Webb and Christopher Oldmeadow
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Selective allocation of patients into the compared groups of a randomised trial may cause allocation bias, but the mechanisms behind the bias and its directionality are incompletely understood. We therefore an...

    Authors: Asger Paludan-Müller, David Ruben Teindl Laursen and Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Reporting adherence to intervention delivery and uptake is a detailed way of describing what was actually delivered and received, in comparison to what was intended. Measuring and reporting adherence is not routi...

    Authors: Liz Graham, Judy Wright, Rebecca Walwyn, Amy M. Russell, Louise Bryant, Amanda Farrin and Allan House
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Network meta-analysis methods, which are an extension of the standard pair-wise synthesis framework, allow for the simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions and consideration of the entire body of evid...

    Authors: Pedro Saramago, Beth Woods, Helen Weatherly, Andrea Manca, Mark Sculpher, Kamran Khan, Andrew J. Vickers and Hugh MacPherson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In population-based cancer research, piecewise exponential regression models are used to derive adjusted estimates of excess mortality due to cancer using the Poisson generalized linear modelling framework. Ho...

    Authors: Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, Aurélien Belot, Manuela Quaresma, Camille Maringe, Michel P. Coleman and Bernard Rachet
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:129
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  21. New markers hold the promise of improving risk prediction for individual patients. We aimed to compare the performance of different strategies to extend a previously developed prediction model with a new marker.

    Authors: D. Nieboer, Y. Vergouwe, Danna P. Ankerst, Monique J. Roobol and Ewout W. Steyerberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. One of the best sources for high quality information about healthcare interventions is a systematic review. A well-conducted systematic review includes a comprehensive literature search. There is limited empir...

    Authors: Lisa Hartling, Robin Featherstone, Megan Nuspl, Kassi Shave, Donna M. Dryden and Ben Vandermeer
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The self-controlled case series (SCCS) is a useful design for investigating associations between outcomes and transient exposures. The SCCS design controls for all fixed covariates, but effect modification can...

    Authors: Steven Hawken, Beth K. Potter, Julian Little, Eric I. Benchimol, Salah Mahmud, Robin Ducharme and Kumanan Wilson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot program that allowed Chicago field center participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study to submit follow-up information...

    Authors: Kiarri N. Kershaw, Kiang Liu, David C. Goff Jr., Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik, Jared P. Reis, Pamela J. Schreiner, Daniel B. Garside and Stephen Sidney
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Bias in adolescent self-reported height and weight is well documented. Given the importance and widespread use of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data for obesity res...

    Authors: Janet M. Liechty, Xuan Bi and Annie Qu
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Compelled by the intuitive appeal of predicting each individual patient’s risk of an outcome, there is a growing interest in risk prediction models. While the statistical methods used to build prediction model...

    Authors: Laura Schummers, Katherine P. Himes, Lisa M. Bodnar and Jennifer A. Hutcheon
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PPA) infection promotes lung function deterioration in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although early CF diagnosis through newborn screening (NBS) has been shown to provi...

    Authors: Wenjie Wang, Ming-Hui Chen, Sy Han Chiou, Hui-Chuan Lai, Xiaojing Wang, Jun Yan and Zhumin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:122
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  28. There has been some debate in the literature as to whether baseline values of a measurement of interest at treatment initiation should be treated as an outcome variable as part of a model for longitudinal chan...

    Authors: Oliver T. Stirrup, Abdel G. Babiker and Andrew J. Copas
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:121
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  30. Mobile technology has opened opportunities within health care and research to allow for frequent monitoring of patients. This has given rise to detailed longitudinal information and new insights concerning beh...

    Authors: Iben Axén and Lennart Bodin
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Confidence intervals for the between study variance are useful in random-effects meta-analyses because they quantify the uncertainty in the corresponding point estimates. Methods for calculating these confiden...

    Authors: Dan Jackson and Jack Bowden
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:118
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  32. Available methods for the joint modelling of longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes have typically only allowed for a single longitudinal outcome and a solitary event time. In practice, clinical studies are l...

    Authors: Graeme L. Hickey, Pete Philipson, Andrea Jorgensen and Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. When patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) their risk of getting an infection will be highly depend on the length of stay at-risk in the ICU. In addition, risk of infection is likely to vary ov...

    Authors: Martin Wolkewitz, Ben S. Cooper, Mercedes Palomar-Martinez, Francisco Alvarez-Lerma, Pedro Olaechea-Astigarraga, Adrian G. Barnett and Martin Schumacher
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:116
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  34. Geographic perspectives of disease and the human condition often involve point-based observations and questions of clustering or dispersion within a spatial context. These problems involve a finite set of poin...

    Authors: Peter A. Whigham, Brandon de Graaf, Rashmi Srivastava and Paul Glue
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The 2 × 2 factorial design is widely used for assessing the existence of interaction and the extent of generalizability of two factors where each factor had only two levels. Accordingly, research problems asso...

    Authors: Show-Li Jan and Gwowen Shieh
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Reporting of absolute risk difference (RD) is recommended for clinical and epidemiological prospective studies. In analyses of multicenter studies, adjustment for center is necessary when randomization is stra...

    Authors: Claudia Pedroza and Van Thi Truong
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:113
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  38. Evidence syntheses, and in particular systematic reviews (SRs), have become one of the cornerstones of evidence-based health care. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool has become the mos...

    Authors: Uta Wegewitz, Beate Weikert, Alba Fishta, Anja Jacobs and Dawid Pieper
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:111
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  39. There are a variety of methods for priority setting in health research but few studies have addressed how to prioritise the gaps that exist between research evidence and clinical practice. This study aimed to ...

    Authors: Nicole M. Rankin, Deborah McGregor, Phyllis N. Butow, Kate White, Jane L. Phillips, Jane M. Young, Sallie A. Pearson, Sarah York and Tim Shaw
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The Cohort Multiple Randomised Controlled Trial (cmRCT) is a newly proposed pragmatic trial design; recently several cmRCT have been initiated. This study tests the unresolved question of whether differential ...

    Authors: Alexander Pate, Jane Candlish, Matthew Sperrin and Tjeerd Pieter Van Staa
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Rapid reviews are of increasing importance within health technology assessment due to time and resource constraints. There are many rapid review methods available although there is little guidance as to the mo...

    Authors: Eva Kaltenthaler, Katy Cooper, Abdullah Pandor, Marrissa Martyn-St. James, Robin Chatters and Ruth Wong
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. It is often unclear which approach to fit, assess and adjust a model will yield the most accurate prediction model. We present an extension of an approach for comparing modelling strategies in linear regressio...

    Authors: Romin Pajouheshnia, Wiebe R. Pestman, Steven Teerenstra and Rolf H. H. Groenwold
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis is commonly recommended for use, due to its benefits on external validity, in randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). No published reports describe how ITT analysis, as well as ...

    Authors: Robert D. Beckett, Kathryn C. Loeser, Kathryn R. Bowman and Trent G. Towne
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. A specific measurement issue often occurs in cohort studies with long-term follow-up: the substitution of the classic instruments used to assess one or several factors or outcomes studied by new, more reliable...

    Authors: Alexandra Rouquette, Sylvana M. Côté, Jean-Benoit Hardouin and Bruno Falissard
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Our aim is to conduct an exploratory study to provide an in-depth characterization of a neighborhood’s social and physical environment in relation to cardiovascular health. A mixed-methods approach was used to...

    Authors: Usama Bilal, Julia Díez, Silvia Alfayate, Pedro Gullón, Isabel del Cura, Francisco Escobar, María Sandín and Manuel Franco
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The case-crossover design is an attractive alternative to the classical case–control design which can be used to study the onset of acute events if the risk factors of interest vary in time. By comparing expos...

    Authors: Sam Doerken, Maja Mockenhaupt, Luigi Naldi, Martin Schumacher and Peggy Sekula
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. In observational studies, matched case-control designs are routinely conducted to improve study precision. How to select covariates for match or adjustment, however, is still a great challenge for estimating c...

    Authors: Hongkai Li, Zhongshang Yuan, Ping Su, Tingting Wang, Yuanyuan Yu, Xiaoru Sun and Fuzhong Xue
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Community-based research has gained increasing recognition in health research over the last two decades. Such participatory research approaches are lauded for their ability to anchor research in lived experien...

    Authors: Mona Loutfy, Saara Greene, V. Logan Kennedy, Johanna Lewis, Jamie Thomas-Pavanel, Tracey Conway, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Nadia O’Brien, Allison Carter, Wangari Tharao, Valerie Nicholson, Kerrigan Beaver, Danièle Dubuc, Jacqueline Gahagan, Karène Proulx-Boucher, Robert S. Hogg…
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:101
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  49. In stark contrast to network-centric view for complex disease, regression-based methods are preferred in disease prediction, especially for epidemiologists and clinical professionals. It remains a controversy ...

    Authors: Xiaoshuai Zhang, Zhongshang Yuan, Jiadong Ji, Hongkai Li and Fuzhong Xue
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. One of the main challenges for drug evaluation in rare diseases is the often heterogeneous course of these diseases. Traditional outcome measures may not be applicable for all patients, when they are in differ...

    Authors: Charlotte M. W. Gaasterland, Marijke C. Jansen-van der Weide, Stephanie S. Weinreich and Johanna H. van der Lee
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2016 16:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

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