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  1. Measures of clinical utility (net benefit and event free life years) have been recommended in the assessment of a new predictor in a risk prediction model. However, it is not clear how they relate to the measu...

    Authors: Kevin McGeechan, Petra Macaskill, Les Irwig and Patrick MM Bossuyt
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:86
  2. Clinical research plays an important role in establishing new treatments and improving the quality of medical practice. Since the introduction of the concept of clinical research coordinators (CRC) in Japan, i...

    Authors: Hiroaki Yanagawa, Shigemi Takai, Michiko Yoshimaru, Toshiko Miyamoto, Rumi Katashima and Kikue Kida
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:85
  3. This article attempts to define terminology and to describe a process for writing adaptive, early phase study protocols which are transparent, self-intuitive and uniform. It provides a step by step guide, givi...

    Authors: Ulrike Lorch, Martin O’Kane and Jorg Taubel
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:84
  4. Paired survival data are often used in clinical research to assess the prognostic effect of an exposure. Matching generates correlated censored data expecting that the paired subjects just differ from the expo...

    Authors: Alexia Savignoni, Caroline Giard, Pascale Tubert-Bitter and Yann De Rycke
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:83
  5. To estimate relative risks or risk ratios for common binary outcomes, the most popular model-based methods are the robust (also known as modified) Poisson and the log-binomial regression. Of the two methods, i...

    Authors: Wansu Chen, Jiaxiao Shi, Lei Qian and Stanley P Azen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:82
  6. Studies that systematically search for and synthesise qualitative research are becoming more evident in health care, and they can make an important contribution to patient care. Our team was funded to complete...

    Authors: Francine Toye, Kate Seers, Nick Allcock, Michelle Briggs, Eloise Carr and Karen Barker
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:80
  7. Meta-analyses (MA) based on individual patient data (IPD) are regarded as the gold standard for meta-analyses and are becoming increasingly common, having several advantages over meta-analyses of summary stati...

    Authors: Doneal Thomas, Sanyath Radji and Andrea Benedetti
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:79
  8. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 43-item short form (PROMIS-43) and the five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) are recently developed measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) that hav...

    Authors: Fang-Ju Lin, A Simon Pickard, Jerry A Krishnan, Min J Joo, David H Au, Shannon S Carson, Suzanne Gillespie, Ashley G Henderson, Peter K Lindenauer, Mary Ann McBurnie, Richard A Mularski, Edward T Naureckas, William M Vollmer and Todd A Lee
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:78
  9. Research on psychological risk factors for injury has focused on stable traits. Our objective was to test the feasibility of a prospective longitudinal study designed to examine labile psychological states as ...

    Authors: Ian Shrier, John S Raglin, Emily B Levitan, Murray A Mittleman, Russell J Steele and Janette Powell
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:77
  10. Rates of Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations (PPH) are used to evaluate access of territorially delimited populations to high quality ambulatory care. A common geographic pattern of several PPH would refl...

    Authors: Berta Ibañez-Beroiz, Julián Librero, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Sandra García-Armesto, Silvia Villanueva-Ferragud and Salvador Peiró
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:74
  11. Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) have been instrumental in advancing population and health research in low- and middle- income countries where vital registration systems are often weak. Howev...

    Authors: Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula, Benjamin D Clark, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Stephen Tollman, Jane Menken and Georges Reniers
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:71
  12. The validity of a meta-analysis can be understood better in light of the possible impact of publication bias. The majority of the methods to investigate publication bias in terms of small study-effects are dev...

    Authors: W Annefloor van Enst, Eleanor Ochodo, Rob JPM Scholten, Lotty Hooft and Mariska M Leeflang
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:70
  13. The Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health (PRECEPT) was initiated and is being funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to define a methodology for evaluati...

    Authors: Thomas Harder, Anja Takla, Eva Rehfuess, Alex Sánchez-Vivar, Dorothea Matysiak-Klose, Tim Eckmanns, Gérard Krause, Helena de Carvalho Gomes, Andreas Jansen, Simon Ellis, Frode Forland, Roberta James, Joerg J Meerpohl, Antony Morgan, Holger Schünemann, Teun Zuiderent-Jerak…
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:69
  14. The reduction of crime is an important outcome of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). Criminal intensity and treatment regimes vary among OMT patients, but this is rarely adjusted for in statistical analyses, ...

    Authors: Jo Røislien, Thomas Clausen, Jon Michael Gran and Anne Bukten
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:68
  15. The absence of a gold standard, i.e., a diagnostic reference standard having perfect sensitivity and specificity, is a common problem in clinical practice and in diagnostic research studies. There is a need fo...

    Authors: Daphne I Ling, Madhukar Pai, Ian Schiller and Nandini Dendukuri
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:67
  16. Sequence symmetry analysis (SSA) is a potential tool for rapid detection of adverse drug events (ADRs) associated with newly marketed medicines utilizing computerized claims data. SSA is robust to patient spec...

    Authors: Nicole L Pratt, Jenni Ilomäki, Chris Raymond and Elizabeth E Roughead
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:66
  17. Randomized controlled trials that test the effectiveness of mobile health-based weight loss programs are attractive to participants, funders, and researchers because of the low implementation cost, minimal par...

    Authors: Kathryn A Paez, Susan J Griffey, Jennifer Thompson and Matthew W Gillman
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:65
  18. Split-mouth randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are popular in oral health research. Meta-analyses frequently include trials of both split-mouth and parallel-arm designs to derive combined intervention effects...

    Authors: Violaine Smaïl-Faugeron, Hélène Fron-Chabouis, Frédéric Courson and Pierre Durieux
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:64

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2015 15:72

  19. Evaluating the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines is essential before deciding which ones which could best inform policy or practice. One current method of evaluating clinical guideline qua...

    Authors: Karen Grimmer, Janine Margarita Dizon, Steve Milanese, Ellena King, Kate Beaton, Olivia Thorpe, Lucylynn Lizarondo, Julie Luker, Zuzana Machotka and Saravana Kumar
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:63
  20. There is increasing interest in innovative methods to carry out systematic reviews of complex interventions. Theory-based approaches, such as logic models, have been suggested as a means of providing additiona...

    Authors: Susan K Baxter, Lindsay Blank, Helen Buckley Woods, Nick Payne, Melanie Rimmer and Elizabeth Goyder
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:62
  21. Workplace adoption and reach of health promotion are important, but generally poorly reported. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the adoption of workplaces (organizational level) and reach of empl...

    Authors: Charlotte Diana Nørregaard Rasmussen, Anne Konring Larsen, Andreas Holtermann, Karen Søgaard and Marie Birk Jørgensen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:60
  22. Income is predictive of many health outcomes and is therefore an important potential confounder to control for in studies. However it is often missing or poorly measured in epidemiological studies because of i...

    Authors: Tom Clemens and Chris Dibben
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:59
  23. Prevalence estimates of drug use, or of its consequences, are considered important in many contexts and may have substantial influence over public policy. However, it is rarely possible to simply count the rel...

    Authors: Anders Ledberg and Peter Wennberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:58
  24. Multiple imputation (MI) was developed as a method to enable valid inferences to be obtained in the presence of missing data rather than to re-create the missing values. Within the applied setting, it remains ...

    Authors: Laura Rodwell, Katherine J Lee, Helena Romaniuk and John B Carlin
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:57
  25. A proportional hazards measure is suggested in the context of analyzing SROC curves that arise in the meta–analysis of diagnostic studies. The measure can be motivated as a special model: the Lehmann model for...

    Authors: Suphada Charoensawat, Walailuck Böhning, Dankmar Böhning and Heinz Holling
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:56
  26. Measures of attributable risk are an integral part of epidemiological analyses, particularly when aimed at the planning and evaluation of public health interventions. However, the current definition of such me...

    Authors: Antonio Gasparrini and Michela Leone
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:55
  27. Cluster-based studies in health research are increasing. An important characteristic of such studies is the presence of intracluster correlation, typically quantified by the intracluster correlation coefficien...

    Authors: Giuliane J Lajos, Samira M Haddad, Ricardo P Tedesco, Renato Passini Jr, Tabata Z Dias, Marcelo L Nomura, Patrícia M Rheder, Maria H Sousa and Jose G Cecatti
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:54
  28. The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database (APD) collects voluntary data on patient admissions to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs). This paper p...

    Authors: Patricia J Solomon, Jessica Kasza and John L Moran
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:53
  29. Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases have expressed a need for more frequent measurement of relevant outcomes, due to the variations in their symptoms during the day and from day to day. At present, p...

    Authors: Anne Christie, Hanne Dagfinrud, Øystein Dale, Trenton Schulz and Kåre Birger Hagen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:52
  30. Traditionally, phase I oncology trials are designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), defined as the highest dose with an acceptable probability of dose limiting toxicities(DLT), of a new treatmen...

    Authors: Kristen Cunanan and Joseph S Koopmeiners
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:51
  31. Self- administered questionnaires or interviews and medical records are often used as sources of research data; thus it is essential to evaluate their concordance and reliability. The aim of this paper was to ...

    Authors: Jennifer R Bai, Dhritiman V Mukherjee, Montina Befus, Zoltan Apa, Franklin D Lowy and Elaine L Larson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:50
  32. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), change-score analysis (CSA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) respond differently to baseline imbalance in randomized controlled trials. However, no empirical studies appear to ...

    Authors: Bolaji E Egbewale, Martyn Lewis and Julius Sim
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:49
  33. Many investigators are interested in recruiting veterans from recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and/or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Researchers pursuing such ...

    Authors: Peter J Bayley, Jennifer Y Kong, Drew A Helmer, Aaron Schneiderman, Lauren A Roselli, Stephanie M Rosse, Jordan A Jackson, Janet Baldwin, Linda Isaac, Michael Nolasco, Marc R Blackman, Matthew J Reinhard, John Wesson Ashford and Julie C Chapman
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:48
  34. In the UK care homes are one of the main providers of long term care for older people with dementia. Despite the recent increase in care home research, residents with dementia are often excluded from studies. ...

    Authors: Sue L Davies, Claire Goodman, Jill Manthorpe, Adam Smith, Natasha Carrick and Steve Iliffe
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:47
  35. The effectiveness of multiple innovative recruitment strategies for enrolling Black/African American participants to the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) is described. The study’s focus is diet and breast, pro...

    Authors: Patti Herring, Terry Butler, Sonja Hall, Hannelore Bennett, Susanne B Montgomery and Gary Fraser
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:46
  36. Recruiting cancer patients is a barrier often encountered in research trials. However, very few randomized trials explore strategies to improve participation rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate th...

    Authors: Christine Paul, Ryan Courtney, Rob Sanson-Fisher, Mariko Carey, David Hill, Jody Simmons and Shiho Rose
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:44
  37. Systematic Reviews (SRs) of experimental animal studies are not yet common practice, but awareness of the merits of conducting such SRs is steadily increasing. As animal intervention studies differ from random...

    Authors: Carlijn R Hooijmans, Maroeska M Rovers, Rob BM de Vries, Marlies Leenaars, Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga and Miranda W Langendam
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:43
  38. This study aims to review the literature regarding the barriers to sampling, recruitment, participation, and retention of members of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in health research and strategies for...

    Authors: Billie Bonevski, Madeleine Randell, Chris Paul, Kathy Chapman, Laura Twyman, Jamie Bryant, Irena Brozek and Clare Hughes
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:42
  39. In an evaluation of a new health technology, a pilot trial may be undertaken prior to a trial that makes a definitive assessment of benefit. The objective of pilot studies is to provide sufficient evidence tha...

    Authors: Ellen C Lee, Amy L Whitehead, Richard M Jacques and Steven A Julious
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:41
  40. Before considering whether to use a multivariable (diagnostic or prognostic) prediction model, it is essential that its performance be evaluated in data that were not used to develop the model (referred to as ...

    Authors: Gary S Collins, Joris A de Groot, Susan Dutton, Omar Omar, Milensu Shanyinde, Abdelouahid Tajar, Merryn Voysey, Rose Wharton, Ly-Mee Yu, Karel G Moons and Douglas G Altman
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:40
  41. Data on HCV-related cirrhosis progression are scarce in developing countries in general, and in Egypt in particular. The objective of this study was to estimate the probability of death and transition between ...

    Authors: Anthony Cousien, Dorothée Obach, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Aya Mostafa, Gamal Esmat, Valérie Canva, Mohamed El Kassas, Mohammad El-Sayed, Wagida A Anwar, Arnaud Fontanet, Mostafa K Mohamed and Yazdan Yazdanpanah
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:39
  42. Health professionals’ behaviour is a key component in compliance with evidence-based recommendations. Opinion leaders are an oft-used method of influencing such behaviours in implementation studies, but reliab...

    Authors: Katherine Farley, Andria Hanbury and Carl Thompson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:38
  43. Scientists often use a paired comparison of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves to decide which continuous cancer screening test has the best diagnostic accuracy. In the paired design,...

    Authors: Brandy M Ringham, Todd A Alonzo, John T Brinton, Sarah M Kreidler, Aarti Munjal, Keith E Muller and Deborah H Glueck
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014 14:37

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