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  1. The purpose of this article is to report on the quality of the existing evidence base regarding the effectiveness of clinical pathway (CPW) research in the hospital setting. The analysis is based on a recently...

    Authors: Thomas Rotter, Leigh Kinsman, Erica James, Andreas Machotta and Ewout W Steyerberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:80
  2. Information on exposure variability, expressed as exposure variance components, is of vital use in occupational epidemiology, including informed risk control and efficient study design. While accurate and prec...

    Authors: Per Liv, Svend Erik Mathiassen and Susanne Wulff Svendsen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:58
  3. Multistate models have become increasingly useful to study the evolution of a patient’s state over time in intensive care units ICU (e.g. admission, infections, alive discharge or death in ICU). In addition, i...

    Authors: Benoit Liquet, Jean-François Timsit and Virginie Rondeau
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:79
  4. Surveillance designed to detect changes in the type-specific distribution of HPV in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN-3) is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the Australian vaccination p...

    Authors: Edward K Waters, John Kaldor, Andrew J Hamilton, Anthony MA Smith, David J Philp, Basil Donovan and David G Regan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:77
  5. Depression is common in primary care and clinicians are encouraged to screen their patients. Meta-analyses have evaluated the effectiveness of screening, but two author groups consistently reached completely o...

    Authors: Felicity A Goodyear-Smith, Mieke L van Driel, Bruce Arroll and Chris Del Mar
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:76
  6. Self-reports of sensitive, socially stigmatized or illegal behavior are common in STI/HIV research, but can raise challenges in terms of data reliability and validity. The use of electronic data collection too...

    Authors: Devon J Hensel, James D Fortenberry, Jaroslaw Harezlak and Dorothy Craig
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:75
  7. Mokken scaling techniques are a useful tool for researchers who wish to construct unidimensional tests or use questionnaires that comprise multiple binary or polytomous items. The stochastic cumulative scaling...

    Authors: Jan Stochl, Peter B Jones and Tim J Croudace
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:74
  8. Multiple Imputation as usually implemented assumes that data are Missing At Random (MAR), meaning that the underlying missing data mechanism, given the observed data, is independent of the unobserved data. To ...

    Authors: Vanina Héraud-Bousquet, Christine Larsen, James Carpenter, Jean-Claude Desenclos and Yann Le Strat
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:73
  9. Antipsychotics are frequently and increasingly prescribed to treat the behavioural symptoms associated with dementia despite their modest efficacy. Evidence regarding the potential adverse events of antipsycho...

    Authors: Nicole Pratt, Elizabeth E Roughead, Amy Salter and Philip Ryan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:72
  10. In recent years there has been an increase in the use of population-based linked data. However, there is little literature that describes the method of linked data preparation. This paper describes the method ...

    Authors: Fenglian Xu, Lisa Hilder, Marie-Paule Austin and Elizabeth A Sullivan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:71
  11. Propensity score (PS) methods are increasingly used, even when sample sizes are small or treatments are seldom used. However, the relative performance of the two mainly recommended PS methods, namely PS-matchi...

    Authors: Romain Pirracchio, Matthieu Resche-Rigon and Sylvie Chevret
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:70
  12. Although empirical and theoretical understanding of processes of implementation in health care is advancing, translation of theory into structured measures that capture the complex interplay between interventi...

    Authors: Tracy L Finch, Frances S Mair, Catherine O’Donnell, Elizabeth Murray and Carl R May
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:69
  13. For the analysis of length-of-stay (LOS) data, which is characteristically right-skewed, a number of statistical estimators have been proposed as alternatives to the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) re...

    Authors: John L Moran and Patricia J Solomon
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:68
  14. Few studies discuss the indicators used to assess the effect on cost containment in healthcare across hospitals in a single-payer national healthcare system with constrained medical resources. We present the i...

    Authors: Tsair-Wei Chien, Ming-Ting Chou, Wen-Chung Wang, Li-Shu Tsai and Weir-Sen Lin
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:67
  15. Local and regional scientific journals are important factors in bridging gaps in health knowledge translation in low-and middle-income countries. We assessed indexing, citations and publishing standards of jou...

    Authors: Ana Utrobičić, Nauman Chaudhry, Abdul Ghaffar and Ana Marušić
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:66
  16. Large epidemiological studies in DNA biobanks have increasingly used less invasive methods for obtaining DNA samples, such as saliva collection. Although lower amounts of DNA are obtained as compared with bloo...

    Authors: Ana P Nunes, Isabel O Oliveira, Betânia R Santos, Cristini Millech, Liziane P Silva, David A González, Pedro C Hallal, Ana M B Menezes, Cora L Araújo and Fernando C Barros
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:65
  17. Adverse consequences of medical interventions are a source of concern, but clinical trials may lack power to detect elevated rates of such events, while observational studies have inherent limitations. Meta-an...

    Authors: Fiona C Warren, Keith R Abrams, Su Golder and Alex J Sutton
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:64
  18. To assess potential long-term consequences of cancer treatment, studies that include comparison groups are needed. These comparison groups should be selected in a way that allows the subtle long-range effects ...

    Authors: Henrietta L Logan, Scott L Tomar, Myron Chang, Glenn E Turner, William M Mendenhall and Charles E Riggs Jr
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:63
  19. Health policy makers now have access to a greater number and variety of systematic reviews to inform different stages in the policy making process, including reviews of qualitative research. The inclusion of m...

    Authors: Salla Atkins, Annika Launiala, Alexander Kagaha and Helen Smith
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:62
  20. Familism and parental respect are culturally derived constructs rooted in Hispanic and Asian cultures, respectively. Measures of these constructs have been utilized in research and found to predict delays in s...

    Authors: Jeremy NV Miles, Regina A Shih, Joan S Tucker, Annie Zhou and Elizabeth J D’Amico
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:61
  21. The application of statistics in reported research in trauma and orthopaedic surgery has become ever more important and complex. Despite the extensive use of statistical analysis, it is still a subject which i...

    Authors: Nick R Parsons, Charlotte L Price, Richard Hiskens, Juul Achten and Matthew L Costa
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:60
  22. Ecological or survey based methods to investigate screening uptake rates are fraught with many limitations which can be circumvented by record linkage between Census and health services datasets using variatio...

    Authors: Dermot O’Reilly, Heather Kinnear, Michael Rosato, Adrian Mairs and Clare Hall
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:59
  23. To derive micronutrient recommendations in a scientifically sound way, it is important to obtain and analyse all published information on the association between micronutrient intake and biochemical proxies fo...

    Authors: Olga W Souverein, Carla Dullemeijer, Pieter van `t Veer and Hilko van der Voet
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:57
  24. Prognostic factors are associated with the risk of a subsequent outcome in people with a given disease or health condition. Meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD), where the raw data are synthes...

    Authors: Ghada Abo-Zaid, Willi Sauerbrei and Richard D Riley
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:56
  25. For systematic reviews providing evidence for policy decisions in specific geographical regions, there is a need to minimise regional bias when seeking out relevant research studies. Studies on people’s views ...

    Authors: Claire Stansfield, Josephine Kavanagh, Rebecca Rees, Alan Gomersall and James Thomas
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:55
  26. Health-evidence.ca is an online registry of systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. Extensive searching of bibliographic databases is required to keep the registry up to...

    Authors: Edwin Lee, Maureen Dobbins, Kara DeCorby, Lyndsey McRae, Daiva Tirilis and Heather Husson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:51
  27. The standardisation of the assessment methodology and case definition represents a major precondition for the comparison of study results and the conduction of meta-analyses. International guidelines provide r...

    Authors: Michael Schwenk, Andreas Lauenroth, Christian Stock, Raquel Rodriguez Moreno, Peter Oster, Gretl McHugh, Chris Todd and Klaus Hauer
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:50
  28. A method for assessing the model validity of randomised controlled trials of homeopathy is needed. To date, only conventional standards for assessing intrinsic bias (internal validity) of trials have been invo...

    Authors: Robert T Mathie, Helmut Roniger, Michel Van Wassenhoven, Joyce Frye, Jennifer Jacobs, Menachem Oberbaum, Marie-France Bordet, Chaturbhuja Nayak, Gilles Chaufferin, John A Ives, Flávio Dantas and Peter Fisher
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:49
  29. Identification of high-risk individuals is crucial for effective implementation of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention programs. Several studies have shown that multivariable predictive functions perform as we...

    Authors: Calvin Woon-Loong Chin, Elian Hui San Chia, Stefan Ma, Derrick Heng, Maudrene Tan, Jeanette Lee, E Shyong Tai and Agus Salim
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:48
  30. The preliminary results of a study are usually presented as an abstract in conference meetings. The reporting quality of those abstracts and the relationship between their study designs and full paper publicat...

    Authors: Uzung Yoon and Karsten Knobloch
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:47
  31. Multiple imputation is often used for missing data. When a model contains as covariates more than one function of a variable, it is not obvious how best to impute missing values in these covariates. Consider a...

    Authors: Shaun R Seaman, Jonathan W Bartlett and Ian R White
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:46
  32. Non-coverage of households without a landline telephone is a major concern of telephone survey researchers. Sampling mobile telephone users in national surveys is vital in order to gain access to the growing p...

    Authors: Orla McBride, Karen Morgan and Hannah McGee
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:45
  33. The Estonian Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy (EPHT) Trial assigned 4170 potential participants prior to recruitment to blind or non-blind hormone therapy (HT), with placebo or non-treatment the respective alter...

    Authors: Piret Veerus, Krista Fischer, Matti Hakama and Elina Hemminki
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:44
  34. The objective of this study was to validate physical activity questionnaires for cystic fibrosis (CF) against accelerometry and cycle ergometry.

    Authors: Katharina C Ruf, Sonja Fehn, Michèle Bachmann, Alexander Moeller, Kristina Roth, Susi Kriemler and Helge Hebestreit
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:43
  35. Chronic stress results from an imbalance of personal traits, resources and the demands placed upon an individual by social and occupational situations. This chronic stress can be measured using the Trier Inven...

    Authors: Katja Petrowski, Sören Paul, Cornelia Albani and Elmar Brähler
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:42
  36. Physician surveys are an important tool to assess attitudes, beliefs and self-reported behaviors of this policy relevant group. In order for a physician to respond to a mailed survey, they must first open the ...

    Authors: Jeanette Y Ziegenfuss, Kelly Burmeister, Katherine M James, Lindsey Haas, Jon C Tilburt and Timothy J Beebe
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:41
  37. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory pulmonary disorder with systemic inflammatory manifestations that are mediated by circulating acute-phase reactants. This study compared an enzym...

    Authors: José L López-Campos, Elena Arellano, Carmen Calero, Ana Delgado, Eduardo Márquez, Pilar Cejudo, Francisco Ortega, Francisco Rodríguez-Panadero and Ana Montes-Worboys
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:40
  38. Physical activity is an important determinant of health. Walking is the most common physical activity performed by adults and the presence of sidewalks along roads is a determinant of walking. Geographic infor...

    Authors: Ian Janssen and Andrei Rosu
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:39
  39. Modeling childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories, versus estimating change in BMI between specific ages, may improve prediction of later body-size-related outcomes. Prior studies of BMI trajectories are l...

    Authors: Xiaozhong Wen, Ken Kleinman, Matthew W Gillman, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman and Elsie M Taveras
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:38
  40. The short version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) is widely validated and popularly used in assessing the subjective quality of life (QOL) of patients and the genera...

    Authors: Ping Xia, Ningxiu Li, Kit-Tai Hau, Chaojie Liu and Yubo Lu
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:37
  41. Upper arm postures are believed to be an important risk determinant for musculoskeletal disorder development in the neck and shoulders. The 10th and 90th percentiles of the angular elevation distribution have bee...

    Authors: Svend Erik Mathiassen, Jens Wahlström and Mikael Forsman
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:36
  42. Clinical trial participants may be temporarily absent or withdraw from trials, leading to missing data. In intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, several approaches are used for handling the missing information - ...

    Authors: Jonas Ranstam, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Steven Boonen, Jan Van Meirhaeghe, Leonard Bastian and Douglas Wardlaw
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:35
  43. An Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis is often considered the gold-standard for synthesising survival data from clinical trials. An IPD meta-analysis can be achieved by either a two-stage or a one-sta...

    Authors: Michael J Crowther, Richard D Riley, Jan A Staessen, Jiguang Wang, Francois Gueyffier and Paul C Lambert
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:34
  44. The summary measure approach (SMA) is sometimes the only applicable tool for the analysis of repeated measurements in medical research, especially when the number of measurements is relatively large. This stud...

    Authors: Mehrdad Vossoughi, SMT Ayatollahi, Mina Towhidi and Farzaneh Ketabchi
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:33
  45. Using a different mode of contact on the final follow-up to survey non-respondents is an identified strategy to increase response rates. This study was designed to determine if a reminder phone call or a phone...

    Authors: Jeanette Y Ziegenfuss, Kelly R Burmeister, Ann Harris, Stefan D Holubar and Timothy J Beebe
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:32
  46. Sample sizes for obstetrical trials are often based on the opinion of investigators about clinically important effect size. We surveyed Canadian obstetricians to investigate clinically important effect sizes r...

    Authors: Sue Ross, Jill Milne, Shannon Dwinnell, Selphee Tang and Stephen Wood
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 12:31

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