Table 1 Tools used for survey development

Risk of Bias tool

Used to assess the internal validity of RCTs. It is comprised of seven domains supported by empirical evidence: sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and “other” sources of bias [29].

BARRIERS Scale

Widely used to identify general barriers to research utilization, particularly in nursing. Barriers are categorized into factors related to the individual, setting, research, and presentation [30, 32].

Cabana framework

Developed by Cabana et al. [31] as part of an evaluation of barriers to physicians’ adoption of clinical practice guidelines. This framework includes 10 major factors, grouped into categories related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour.