|  |  |  |  |  |  | N (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  | Variable | N= | No conclusion | Positive | Neutral | Negative |
Variable | Â | N (%) | Overall study conclusion | 67 | 4 (6) | 49 (73.1) | 7 (10.4) | 7 (10.4) | ||
Reported Outcomes | N= | Positive* | Neutral* | Negative* | Conclusion on reported outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Weight gain | 56 | 4 (7.1) | 52 (92.9) | Â | Weight gain | 56 | 40 (71.4) | 15 (26.8) | Â | 1 (1.8) |
Length gain | 40 | 3 (7.5) | 37 (92.5) | Â | Length gain | 40 | 26 (65) | 14 (35) | Â | Â |
Head circumference | 31 | 4 (12.9) | 27 (87.1) | Â | Head circumference | 31 | 17 (54.8) | 14 (45.2) | Â | Â |
Colic | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 12 (92.3) | Â | Colic | 13 | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | Â | Â |
Spitting up/Regurgitation | 26 | 2 (7.7) | 23 (88.5) | 1 (3.8) | Spitting up/Regurgitation | 26 | 23 (88.5) | 3 (11.5) | Â | Â |
Vomiting | 31 | 1.5 (3.2 | 30 (96.8) | Â | Vomiting | 32 | 24 (75) | 8 (25) | Â | Â |
Crying/Fussiness | 22 | 3 (13.6) | 18 (81.8) | 1 (4.5) | Crying/Fussiness | 20 | 12 (60) | 8 (40) | Â | Â |
Gastric Residuals, Abdominal distension | 5 | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | Â | Gastric Residuals, Abdominal distension | 6 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | Â | Â |
Volume of formula consumed | 31 | 3 (9.7) | 27 (87.1) | 1 (3.2) | Volume of formula consumed | 30 | 26 (86.7) | 3 (10) | Â | 1(3.3) |
Time to full enteral feeds | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | Â | Time to full enteral feeds | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 2 (25) | Â | 1 (12.5) |
Stool frequency | 37 | 10 (27) | 27 (73) | Â | Stool frequency | 38 | 27 (71.1) | 11 (28.9) | Â | Â |
Stool consistency | 37 | 18 (48.6) | 19 (51.4) | Â | Stool consistency | 39 | 23 (59) | 16 (41.0) | Â | Â |
Stool pH | 13 | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | Â | Stool pH | 12 | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | Â | Â |
Short chain fatty acids | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | Â | Short chain fatty acids | 9 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | Â | Â |
Flatulence/Gas | 16 | Â | 16 (100) | Â | Flatulence/Gas | 15 | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | Â | Â |
Diarrhoea, Diarrhoea episodes | 19 | 3(15.8) | 15 (78.9) | 1(5.3) | Diarrhoea, Diarrhoea episodes | 18 | 12 (66.7) | 5 (27.8) | Â | 1 (5.6) |
Constipation | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | Â | Constipation | 4 | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | Â | Â |
Microflora - Bifidobacteria | 31 | 23 (74.2) | 8 (25.8) | Â | Microflora - Bifidobacteria | 30 | 10 (33.3) | 17 (56.7) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (3.3) |
Microflora - Lactobacillus | 19 | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | Â | Microflora - Lactobacillus | 19 | 9 (47.4) | 8 (42.1) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.3) |
Microflora - Pathogens | 25 | 5 (20) | 19 (76) | 1 (4) | Microflora - Pathogens | 25 | 12 (48) | 11 (44) | Â | 2 (8) |
Immune response CRP, IL6, Cytokines | 0 | Â | Â | Â | Immune response CRP, IL6, Cytokines | 1 | 1 (100) | Â | Â | Â |
Immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG, Ig-Flc, IgE) | 10 | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | Â | Immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG, Ig-Flc, IgE) | 10 | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | Â | Â |
Allergy | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | Â | Allergy | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | Â | Â |
Eczema, Dermatitis, Rash, Skin Alterations | 7 | 2 (28.6) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (14.3) | Eczema, Dermatitis, Rash, Skin Alterations | 7 | 5 (71.4) | 1 (14.3) | Â | 1 (14.3) |
Infections - Acute Otitis Media | 3 | Â | 3 (100) | Â | Infections - Acute Otitis Media | 3 | 1 (33.3 | 2 (66.7) | Â | Â |
Respiratory Infections | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | Â | Respiratory Infections | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | Â | Â |
Gastrointestinal infections | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | Â | Gastrointestinal infections | 4 | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | Â | Â |
Total infections, other unspecified infections | 8 | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | Â | Total infections, other unspecified infections | 10 | 6 (60) | 2 (20) | Â | 2 (20) |
Urinary tract infections | 2 | Â | 2 (100) | Â | Urinary tract infections | 2 | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | Â | Â |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | Â | Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 12 | 7 (58.3) | 3 (25) | Â | 2 (16.7) |
Sepsis | 10 | Â | 10 (100) | Â | Sepsis | 10 | 9 (90) | 1 (10) | Â | Â |
Fever, Febrile Episodes | 4 | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | Â | Fever, Febrile Episodes | 2 | 2 (100) | Â | Â | Â |
Antibiotic use | 19 | 4 (21.1) | 15 (78.9) | Â | Antibiotic use | 16 | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.8) | Â | Â |
Hospitalization | 12 | Â | 12 (100) | Â | Hospitalization | 10 | 10 (100) | Â | Â | Â |
Biochemical measures | 9 | Â | 9 (100) | Â | Biochemical measures | 6 | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | Â | Â |
Adverse events | 18 | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) | Â | Adverse events | 17 | 13 (76.5) | 4 (23.5) | Â | Â |
Death / Mortality | 7 | 1 (14.3 | 6 (85.7) | Â | Death/Mortality | 8 | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | Â | Â |
Intestinal permeability | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | Â | Intestinal permeability | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | Â | Â |
Duration of TPN | 5 | Â | 5 (100) | Â | Duration of TPN | 5 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | Â | Â |