From: How does study quality affect the results of a diagnostic meta-analysis?
 | Univariate analysis | Multivariate model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable* | RDOR (95% CI) | p-value | RDOR (95% CI) | p-value |
Microscopy for pyuria: weighted (n = 28 studies) | ||||
Selection criteria reported: yes vs no | 2.4 (1.0, 5.9) | 0.057 | Dropped$ | Â |
Reference standard details reported: yes vs no | 3.6 (0.8, 16.1) | 0.089 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.007 |
Test review bias avoided: yes vs unclear | 4.8 (1.6, 14.7) | 0.008 | Dropped | Â |
Diagnostic review bias avoided: yes vs unclear | 5.5 (1.8, 17.1) | 0.005 | Dropped | Â |
Uninterpretable results reported: no vs unclear | 0.3 (0.0, 4.1) | 0.364 | Dropped | Â |
Uninterpretable results reported: yes vs unclear | 2.9 (0.9, 9.1) | 0.073 | Dropped | Â |
Withdrawals accounted for: no vs unclear | 0.2 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.012 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | <0.001 |
Withdrawals accounted for: yes vs unclear | 1.9 (0.7, 5.3) | 0.200 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.4) | 0.056 |
Europe vs North America | 0.3 (0.1, 1.6) | 0.190 | Dropped | Â |
Asia vs North America | 0.6 (0.1, 6.6) | 0.646 | Dropped | Â |
Other areas vs North America | 0.2 (0.0, 1.3) | 0.090 | Dropped | Â |
Age <5 years vs <2 years | 0.1 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.004 | Dropped | Â |
Age <12 years vs <2 years | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) | 0.004 | Dropped | Â |
Age <18 years vs <2 years | 0.2 (0.1, 0.5) | 0.001 | Dropped | Â |
Sample centrifuged: yes vs no | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.005 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | <0.001 |
Microscopy for pyuria: unweighted (n = 28 studies) | ||||
Age <5 years vs <2 years | 0.3 (0.1, 1.1) | 0.076 | Dropped | Â |
Age <12 years vs <2 years | 0.5 (0.1, 2.1) | 0.337 | Dropped | Â |
Age <18 years vs <2 years | 0.3 (0.1, 1.0) | 0.048 | Dropped | Â |
Sample centrifuged | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.080 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.080 |
Microscopy for bacteriuria: weighted (n = 22 studies) | ||||
Incorporation bias avoided: no vs yes | 24.5 (1.0, 604.4) | 0.050 | 3.0 (1.6, 5.5) | 0.001 |
Diagnostic review bias avoided: yes vs unclear | 3.2 (0.8, 12.8) | 0.092 | Dropped | Â |
Gram stain used: yes vs no | 3.6 (1.3, 10.4) | 0.018 | 5.3 (2.3, 12.0) | 0.001 |
Microscopy for bacteriuria: unweighted (n = 22 studies) | ||||
Disease progression bias: yes vs unclear | 0.05 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.083 | Dropped | Â |
Incorporation bias avoided: no vs yes | 32.5 (1.2, 895.0) | 0.041 | 3.2 (1.6, 6.4) | 0.003 |
Uninterpretable results reported: yes vs unclear | 7.1 (1.1, 46.9) | 0.042 | Dropped | Â |
Withdrawals reported: no vs unclear | 6.6 (1.0, 43.3) | 0.049 | Dropped | Â |
Withdrawals reported: yes vs unclear | 2.2 (0.3, 18.7) | 0.447 | Dropped | Â |
Sample centrifuged: yes vs no | 0.2 (0.0, 1.1) | 0.058 | Dropped | Â |
Gram stain used: yes vs no | 3.9 (0.9, 16.3) | 0.062 | 6.5 (2.0, 21.2) | 0.004 |