Table 5 Differences in Patient Characteristics Among Motives and Preference Groups

Age

40.85 (15.85)

31.80 (7.73)^a

33.80 (10.94)^a

50.63 (17.77)^b

48.35 (14.38)^b

< 0.001

Gender

Male

43% (176)

71% (75)

60% (67)

20% (26)

12% (8)

< 0.001

Female

52% (215)

19% (20)

38% (42)

77% (98)

83% (55)

Transgender/Non-binary

5% (21)

10% (11)

2% (3)

3% (4)

5% (3)

Race

White

61% (252)

48% (51)

45% (50)

80% (102)

74% (49)

< 0.001

Non-White

39% (160)

52% (55)

55% (62)

20% (26)

26% (17)

Income

< $50,000 per year

37% (151)

42% (44)

29% (32)

35% (45)

45% (30)

0.088

≥ $50,000 per year

63% (261)

58% (62)

71% (80)

65% (83)

55% (36)

Education

Less than college education

35% (146)

46% (49)

34% (38)

28% (36)

35% (23)

0.037

Some college or higher education

65% (266)

54% (57)

66% (74)

72% (92)

65% (43)

Employment

Employed

71% (273)

92% (96)

85% (91)

48% (55)

51% (31)

< 0.001

Unemployed, retired, or student

29% (113)

8% (8)

15% (16)

52% (59)

49% (30)

Pain duration

Pain lasting less than one year

47% (195)

88% (93)

62% (69)

21% (27)

9% (6)

< 0.001

Pain lasting over one year

53% (217)

12% (13)

38% (43)

79% (101)

91% (60)

Pain severity

4.62 (1.69)

4.66 (1.72)

4.70 (1.86)

4.45 (1.62)

4.74 (1.49)

0.400

Physical function

13.79 (3.73)

13.08 (2.86)

14.70 (3.26)

13.34 (4.50)

14.29 (3.76)

0.001

Depressive symptoms

1.10 (0.77)

1.38 (0.50)^a

1.11 (0.70)^b

0.89 (0.91)^b

1.07 (0.82)^b

< 0.001

Anxiety symptoms

1.21 (0.87)

1.43 (0.65)

1.21 (0.86)

1.07 (0.99)

1.14 (0.91)

0.001

Perceived health

3.42 (0.96)

3.44 (0.97)

3.37 (1.01)

3.34 (0.95)

3.61 (0.86)

0.300