Table 6 Differences in Willingness to Participate in Future Research Among Motives and Preference Groups

One-time survey online

3.98 (1.07)

3.03 (0.90)^a

4.21 (0.92)^b

4.27 (0.96)^bc

4.55 (0.75)^c

< 0.001

One-time survey on paper

3.44 (1.27)

2.76 (1.05)^a

3.19 (1.28)^b

3.85 (1.16)^c

4.15 (1.14)^c

< 0.001

Multiple surveys over time

3.49 (1.20)

3.05 (0.95)^a

3.28 (1.24)^a

3.69 (1.21)^b

4.15 (1.09)^c

< 0.001

One-time in-person visit

3.06 (1.24)

2.81 (1.02)^a

2.81 (1.26)^a

3.13 (1.31)^a

3.74 (1.14)^b

< 0.001

Multiple in-person visits

2.67 (1.23)

2.75 (0.96)

2.43 (1.34)

2.57 (1.29)

3.12 (1.22)

0.001

Some mild discomfort (such as putting your hand in cold water)

3.17 (1.14)

2.89 (0.88)^a

2.92 (1.16)^a

3.34 (1.19)^b

3.71 (1.17)^b

< 0.001

Taking pictures of your brain (such as with MRI)

3.01 (1.24)

2.76 (0.92)^a

2.78 (1.26)^ab

3.16 (1.28)^bc

3.55 (1.37)^c

< 0.001

Medication

2.82 (1.10)

2.93 (0.97)

2.80 (1.01)

2.70 (1.13)

2.94 (1.36)

0.300

Interventions that target behavior such as increasing activity levels, meditation, etc.

3.33 (1.00)

2.96 (0.76)^a

3.36 (0.97)^b

3.31 (1.09)^b

3.89 (0.99)^c

< 0.001

Alternative treatments, like acupuncture

3.41 (1.08)

3.05 (0.77)^a

3.52 (1.04)^bc

3.34 (1.23)^ab

3.92 (1.07)^c

< 0.001